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mammalogy > order Carnivora > Flashcards

order Carnivora Flashcards

1
Q

Carnivora has an expanded

A

braincase

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2
Q

Carnivora: loss

A

of 3rd molar

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3
Q

Carnivora all

A

teeth are rooted

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4
Q

Carnasials

A

shearing P4/m1

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5
Q

foot posture of Carnivora

A

digitigrade or plantigrade

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6
Q

Order Carnivora divided into

A

Feliformia and Caniformia

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7
Q

What 6 families make up Feliformia?

A
  • Nandiniidae
  • Felidae
  • Viverridae
  • Hyaenidae
  • Herpestidae
  • Eupleridae
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8
Q

The Family Nandiniidae is known as

A

African palm civet and is from Sub-Saharan Africa

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9
Q

The Family Felidae is known as

A

Cats and are worldwide except Antarctica, Australia, Madagascar

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10
Q

The Family Felidae the claws

A

are recurved and retractile (except in cheetah); have spots or striped pelage

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11
Q

The Family Felidae have Excellent senses

A

of smell, sight, and hearing

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12
Q

The Family Felidae is nocturnal

A

Tapetum lucidum present in eye

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13
Q

The Family Felidae is solitary

A

Lions are social—live in large prides

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14
Q

The family Viverridae is known as

A

civets and genets and is from the Old World and S. temperate regions

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15
Q

The family Viverridae have a well developed

A

perineal scent glands; and has long and bushy tail

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16
Q

The family Herpestidae is known as

A

mongooses and is from the Old World

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17
Q

The family Herpestidae have well developed

A

anal scent glands

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18
Q

The family Herpestidae engage in

A

highly structured social behavior

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19
Q

The family Eupleridae is known as

A

Malagasy civets and mongooses; and are nocturnal and terrestrial

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20
Q

Largest Cryptoprocta ferox (of the family) is agile

A

Eupleridae
climber with retractile claws
and Feeds on small lemurs

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21
Q

The rare Malagasy falanouc Eupleres goudotii (of the family)

A

Eupleridae
Has reduced dentition
and Feeds on small invertebrates

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22
Q

The family Hyaenidae is known as

A

hyenas and aardwolf; and is from Africa, Turkey, ME, India

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23
Q

The family Hyaenidae have blunt

A

non-retractile claws and feet with 4 toes

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24
Q

The family Hyaenidae are both

A

scavengers and predators

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25
Q

The family Hyaenidae are highly and mostly

A

social

nocturnal

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26
Q

What 9 families make up Caniformia?

A
  • Family Canidae
  • Family Ursidae
  • Family Odobenidae
  • Family Otariidae
  • Family Phocidae
  • Family Ailuridae
  • Family Mephitidae
  • Family Procyonidae
  • Family Mustelidae
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27
Q

The family Canidae is known as

A

dogs (wolves,foxes) is nearly worldwide distribution

28
Q

The family Canidae has a large

A

nasal chamber that allows for excellent sense of smell

29
Q

The family Canidae has blunt

A

non-retractile claws

30
Q

The family Canidae molars

A

retain crushing surfaces: allows for a more flexible diet

31
Q

The family Ursidae is known as

A

black bear and is from NA, Eurasia, SA, Africa

32
Q

The family Ursidae claws

A

non retractile

33
Q

The family Ursidae N species

A

hibernate: heart rate & metabolism slows; arouse easily; live off accumulated fat reserves

34
Q

Family Ursidae omnivorous but

A

– Polar bear diet restricted to seals

– Giant panda diet mostly bamboo

35
Q

What makes up Pinnipedia?

A

– Family Odobenidae
– Family Otariidae
– Family Phocidae

36
Q

Pinnipedia probably evolved from a bear-like ancestor

A

in late Oligocene or early Miocene in the northern hemisphere; and adapted to marine lifestyle

37
Q

Pinnipedia body

A

insulated with blubber

38
Q

Pinnipedia external

A

genitalia and mammary nipples withdrawn beneath body surface

39
Q

Pinnipedia only

A

distal limbs protrude from body and manus and pes fully webbed

40
Q

Pinnipedia Diving and swimming ability highly advanced

A

allows for:
– High blood volume
– Reinforced bronchial tubes
– Can slow metabolism and direct blood to brain, heart

41
Q

The Family Odobenidae is known as

A

walrus and is from the Coastal arctic waters of Atlantic and Pacific

42
Q

The Family Odobenidae both sexes

A

have tusk-like upper canines

– Tusks lack enamel

43
Q

The Family Odobenidae feeds on

A

mollusks on sea floor; and is • Gregarious and polygynous

44
Q

The Family Otariidae is known as

A

eared seals and sea lions and is from Coastal Pacific, South Atlantic, Indian Ocean,
and southern Australia and New Zealand

45
Q

The Family Otariidae can move better

A

on land than phocid seals

46
Q

The Family Otariidae have nails

A

on three middle digits

47
Q

The Family Otariidae are gregarious

A

and highly vocal on land

48
Q

The Family Otariidae have seasonal

A

breeding rookeries

49
Q

The Family Phocidae is known as

A

seals and is from Coastlines above 30º N and below 50º S

latitude and Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal

50
Q

The Family Phocidae is More highly specialized for aquatic life

A

– No external ear
– Hind flippers useless on land
– Foreflippers short

51
Q

The Family Phocidae is monogamous

A

polygynous and gregarious

– Elephant seals have a dominance hierarchy

52
Q

The Family Phocidae feed on

A

fish, cephalopods, and mollusks

53
Q

Musteloidea consist of

A
  • Family Ailuridae
  • Family Mephitidae
  • Family Procyonidae
  • Family Mustelidae
54
Q

The Family Ailuridae

is known as

A

red panda and is from Myanmar and China

55
Q

The Family Ailuridae eat

A

bamboo leaves, berries, flowers and other plant

material

56
Q

The Family Ailuridae mostly

A

solitary

57
Q

The Family Mephitidae is known as

A

skunks and is from W. Hemisphere

stink badgers - Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia

58
Q

The Family Mephitidae Aposematic

A

colors in most

– Spots or stripes

59
Q

The Family Mephitidae anal

A

glands spray noxious odor

60
Q

The Family Mephitidae are nocturnal

A

solitary, omnivorous

61
Q

The Family Procyonidae is known as

A

raccoons and is from New World

62
Q

The Family Procyonidae have plantigrade

A

feet, non-retractile or semiretractile
claws
• Dexterous forefeet in some species

63
Q

The Family Mustelidae is known as

A

weasels and badgers and is from Nearly cosmopolitan—except Madagascar, Australia,
oceanic islands

64
Q

The Family Mustelidae have well developed

A

Anal scent glands

65
Q

The Family Mustelidae are Aggressive hunters

A

Otters are semiaquatic or almost completely

aquatic

66
Q

The Family Mustelidae have Induced ovulation common

A

– Typically requires prolonged copulation

67
Q

The Family Mustelidae have Delayed implantation of embryo common

A

– May be delayed up to 10 months (badgers)
– Implantation of the blastocyst takes place in
response to environmental cues

mammalogy (10 decks)

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