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mammalogy > order Euungulata > Flashcards

order Euungulata Flashcards

1
Q

Order Perissodactyla: way more diverse

A

mesaxonic foot

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2
Q

artiodactyla have

A

paraxonic feet

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3
Q

Morphology of perisso- and artiodactyls

A 
Large	cecum	(perisso’s)	or	rumination	(ruminant	
artiodactyls)	to	digest	cellulose
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4
Q

Living Perissodactyls:
Dentition and cranial morphology are
developed in response to

A 
to	herbivorous	feeding	
habits
– Elongate	skulls
– Teeth	usually	lophodont
• Hypsodont in	grazing	types
• Brachydont in	browsers
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5
Q

Order Perissodactyla has 3 families

A

Family Equidae
Family Tapiridae
Family Rhinocerotidae

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6
Q

Family Equidae is from

A

Africa, Middle East, parts of Asia

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7
Q

Family Equidae Only the

A

third digit is functional

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8
Q

Family Equidae Most species are highly social

A 
Form	herds	and/or	clans
– Polygynous mating	system
– Social	hierarchy—led	by	dominant	stallion
• Harems	formed	in	some	species
• Bachelor	herds
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9
Q

Family Tapiridae is from

A

• New World tropics and SE Asia

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10
Q

Family Tapiridae have 4 toes on? 3 toes on?

A

front feet

hind feet

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11
Q

Family Rhinocerotidae is from

A

• Africa and SE Asia

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12
Q

Family Rhinocerotidae have 3 or 4 toes on? 3 toes on?

A

front feet

hind feet

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13
Q

Family Rhinocerotidae Nasal bones thickened and enlarged to

A

– Support horn of dermal material

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14
Q

Family Rhinocerotidae are • Solitary to social. They are also

A

• Territorial—use scent marking (dung piles)

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15
Q

Family Rhinocerotidae use of horns

A

in traditional “medicine”

– Facing extinction (especially Asian species)

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16
Q

Order Cetartiodactyla has 9 families

A 
Family	Camelidae
Family	Suidae
Family	Tayassuidae
Family	Tragulidae
Family	Antilocapridae
Family	Giraffidae
Family	Cervidae
Family	Bovidae
Family	Hippopotamidae
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17
Q

Family Camelidae is from

A

Old World deserts and South

America

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18
Q

Family Camelidae have Distinctive divergence of

metapodials

A

– Evolved a digitigrade foot

posture

19
Q

Family Suidae is from

A

• Old World distribution

20
Q

Family Suidae

Typically omnivorous

A
  • Some have bunodont molars

* Large, tusk-like canines (in some)

21
Q

Family Tayassuidae is from

A

New World

22
Q

Family Tayassuidae have

A

• Interlocking upper and lower canines

23
Q

Family Tayassuidae

range in tropical forests

A
  • Highly social
  • Omnivorous
  • Rapid, agile runners
24
Q

Ruminantia includes

A

giraffes, deer, antelope, sheep, goats,

and cattle

25
Q

In Ruminantia, • Ruminants:

A

– Chew their cud
– Stomachs with three or four chambers
– Selenodont molars

26
Q

Family Tragulidae is from

A

• Tropical Africa and southeast Asia

27
Q

Family Tragulidae no antlers

A

but upper canines are tusk-like

28
Q

Family Antilocapridae is from

A

North America

29
Q

Family Antilocapridae Both sexes with horns

A

– External sheath of horn shed annually

30
Q

Family Antilocapridae • Among fastest cursorial mammals

A

– Speeds up to 85 kilometers/hour
– Extremely good at long-distance running
– Speeds of 65 kph for over 10 kilometers

31
Q 
Family Antilocapridae
– Adaptations:
• Enlarged
• Greater	
• Greater	
• Higher	concentration
A
  • airways
  • lung surface area
  • capillary density
  • of hemoglobin
32
Q

Family Giraffidae is from

A

• Sub-Saharan Africa

33
Q

Family Giraffidae • Short “horns” covered with fur on parietals

A

– Ossified cartilage forms ossicones
– Never shed
– Present on both sexes

34
Q

Family Giraffidae Long neck and limbs

A

– Not in okapi

– 1st thoracic vert in giraffes is mobile

35
Q

Family Cervidae is from

A

• New World, Europe, Asia, Northwest Africa

36
Q

Family Cervidae All male members have antlers

A

– Antlers grow and are shed annually

– Female caribou also have antlers

37
Q

Family Cervidae • Antlers grow from frontal pedicles

A

• Antler growth under hormonal control

– Triggered by changes in day-length

38
Q

Family Bovidae is from

A

• Africa, Asia, parts of Europe and North America

39
Q

Family Bovidae • Reached New World in Pleistocene

A

– Across Bering Strait land bridge

40
Q

Family Bovidae horns can be in males and females

A 
– Horns	never	shed
– Keratinized	sheath	covers	
bony	core
– Horns	used	for	ritualized	
sparring	and	defense	from	
predators
41
Q

Family Hippopotamidae • Skin glands secrete oily, red substance

A

– Hipposudoric acid and norhipposudoric acid
– Protects skin from sun exposure
– May have antibiotic properties

42
Q

Family Hippopotamidae is closely related to

A

cetaceans

43
Q

Family Hippopotamidae • Amphibious lifestyle

A 
• Spend	much	of	day	in	water,	and	forage	on	
land	at	night
• Profoundly	alter	their	environments
– Overgrazing	near	waterways
– Create	deep	channels	and	paths

mammalogy (10 decks)

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