Subjective Construal & Naive Realism Flashcards
________ model of perception states that we can perceive and recall objective reality, while the ________ model is the idea that we perceive reality through “filters” that distort and create our unique perceptions.
Smartphone model (tied to naïve realism); constructive model =
(tied to subjective construals)
Your friend Issa tells you her favorite movie genre is sci fi. You immediately think of Sharknado, and decide Issa has terrible taste in movies. Issa, however, thinks all people must love sci fi, because she’s thinking of her favorite movie, Star Wars. What is this called?
Smartphone Model of Seeing
*each person (as a naive realist) construes genres different, then assumes all construe it the same way they did
At the end of section, your TA says, “See you at next section
tomorrow,” when she meant “see you next week,” but you understand that she meant next week. What is this referring to?
Adaptive Error
You are able to fill in gaps of knowledge based on information you already know
example of a way subjective construal/filling in gaps is useful
Bob and Susan are walking to Ackerman for lunch. Bob notices that the door they pass through is 6 feet tall while Susan notices that the door is made of wood and metal. What principle does this illustrate?
Subjective Construal
Through their unique filters Susan and Bob notice different aspects about the door
Naive Realism
- The belief that what we see IS reality and takes no account of the construal processes (person believes that they see the world in an objective and unbiased way)
- common sense theory of perspective: they expect everyone to reach the same conclusions if they all have the same information in front of them
- (whoever has a different persepective must be biased)
- Naive realism IS an error
- To believe my subjective construal is objective IS an error
(Milgrams) Obedience to Authority
-Standard condition: subject is told that shocks are being delivered to a person on the other side of the wall, the person getting shocked screams loud after a certain level, the instructor tells the subject to keep going higher
- a lot of people didnt stop administering shocks until they were told to stop
Subjective Construal
The way that we construct reality (in our own perspective)
- each of us interprets what we see around us in a different way isn’t a pure reflection of reality
- often automatic (we never ‘see’ reality first) all snakes are dangerous, we never see a snake, then decide if its dangerous because we have constructed our reality to belive all snakes are dangerous
- Automatic construals don’t feel like construals, feel like perception of what is really there
There is an Objective reality which is how things just area, but we make it Subjective with our own perspective and alter it
Constructive model of seeing
objective reality -> (filters) construal expectation, just a view of how things are
associations(situation) –> biased perception beliefs
- The situational factors affect our interpretations, our subjective construal and this causes us to construct reality.
- Our brain does not lead us to believe we do this. We see the world though our own personal filter (subjective construal) based on expectations, whats going on, culture- all affect how we see reality
Naive realists DO NOT believe this bc they think if we’re all given the same information we should all see it the same
Smartphone Model of Seeing
objective reality —-> Accurate Perception Beliefs
We think that there is ONE way to view things, we are all given the same information as if we are recording reality as it happens, we believe we’re capturing the world in real detail
Naive Realists Believe this
Prisoners Dilemma
Also called: Wall Street Game / Community game
-a game between 2 people where you can either cooperate with each other or compete with each other
-You get the greatest payout if you and the person cooperate
you: defect = 4
them: cooperate = 1
you: cooperate = 3
them: cooperate = 3
you: cooperate = 1
them: defect = 4
you: defect = 2
them: defect = 2
Community game/ Wall street Game
Changing the name of the game (prisoners dilemma) influenced how the players played the game
Community game: 70% of people played the game cooperatively
Wall Street Game: 30% played cooperatively
What is an example of how people are influenced by the crowds around them?
- In a public hearing like the presidents speech, hearing how the audience reacts will affect our judgement of the performance
- we don’t realize when this happens
Context Effects
Verbal context: A B C D
Number Context: 11 12 B 14
*in the slides the font used makes the B looks like 13, but when its in each of the contexts you think one is a letter and one is a number even though theyre both the letter B
Adaptive Errors
- We use context in order to make sense of our ambiguous information
-It helps us understand what the communicators intent is bc we interpret the message as we think they would when creating it
Reasonable Person Standard
- We judge people based off what “we think we would do” and we think that we are the most reasonable people
“Anyone who does what I think I would do is just doing the expected”
VS
“Anyone worse than what I think I would do is cruel”
-We actually have an inaccurate estimate of what we would do bc we would like to believe we would do the best thing, but we don’t take into consideration the situation ppl are in
