Subject Matter Requirements Flashcards
Mitosis: Period of cell growth before the DNA is duplicated
G1: Growth part of Interphase
Mitosis: Period when the DNA is duplicated (that is, when chromosomes are duplicated)
S: Synthesis part of Interphase
Mitosis: Period after DNA is duplicated; cell prepares for division
G2: Final preparations for division part of Interphase
Mitosis phases
PMAT - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Mitosis: “pairing” - chromosomes pair in preparation for division
Prophase
Mitosis: “middle” - chromosomes line up on the mid-line of the cell
Metaphase
Mitosis: “away” - the chromatids are pulled away from each other by the spindle fibers attached to the centrioles
Anaphase
Mitosis: “two” - two new cells are formed, as well as the nuclear membranes
Telophase
Structure of the cell membrane:
form bilayer
Phospholipids
Structure of the cell membrane:
strengthens membrane
Cholesterol
Structure of the cell membrane:
let in selected molecules and ions
Protein channels
Characteristics of the cell membrane:
controls what enters and exits the cell
Semi-permeable
Characteristics of the cell membrane:
has water-proof middle with water interactive top and bottom
Hydrophobic / hydrophilic
Characteristics of the cell membrane:
bilayer is contiguous with vesicles and membranes of organelles, can be folded onto itself to allow endocytosis and exocytosis
Self-assembly
Methods of transport across the membrane:
random mixing due to kinetic energy of molecules/ions
Diffusion
Methods of transport across the membrane:
diffusion of water across a membrane
Osmosis
Methods of transport across the membrane:
ATP adds energy to move the molecules / ions
Active Transport
Methods of transport across the membrane:
membrane encloses around something outside the cell
Endocytosis
Methods of transport across the membrane:
specific case endocytosis, membrane encloses around food, “cell eating”
Phagocytosis
Methods of transport across the membrane:
specific case of endocytosis, membrane encloses around water, “cell drinking”
Pinocytosis
Methods of transport across the membrane:
membrane releases something to the outside of the cell
Exocytosis
Role of semipermeable membranes in cellular communication:
signal “same” or “intruder”, accept hormone signals
Surface proteins
Role of semipermeable membranes in cellular communication:
offer sites for cells to share materials
Junction
Role of semipermeable membranes in cellular communication:
space between nerve cells and neuromuscular junctions
Synapses