Genetics: Chromosomes Flashcards
When a protein makes it easier for a biological reaction to happen, it is acting as:
A) an enzyme
B) a transporter
C) a structural protein
D) a messenger
A) an enzyme
Which of the following is not a function performed by proteins?
A) Regulation
B) Transportation
C) Respiration
D) Structural support
C) Respiration
Proteins in our cartilage, hair, and nails are:
A) transport proteins
B) structural proteins
C) regulatory proteins
D) storage proteins
B) structural proteins
What atoms are connected by a peptide bond?
A) side chain groups
B) carbonyl carbon and carbonyl oxygen
C) amine nitrogen and another amine nitrogen
D) carbonyl carbon and amine nitrogen
D) carbonyl carbon and amine nitrogen
Proteins are biological molecules made of?
a) amino acids
b) glycerol
c) nucleotides
d) sugars
a) amino acids
The following are consequences of meiotic recombination:
I. Increased genetic diversity
II. Exchange of parts of homologous chromosomes
III. Stabilization of chromosomes at the metaphase plate
a) I and II
b) II and III
c) I, II and III
d) I
e) I and III
c) I, II and III
If the cell of a diploid organism (2n = 6) undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes are present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis I?
a) 18
b) 12
c) 3
d) 6
e) 24
c) 3
If the cell of a diploid organism (2n = 6) undergoes meiosis, how many chromosome are present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis II?
a) 6
b) 18
c) 12
d) 24
e) 3
e) 3
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a) Spindle microtubule tension on each tetrad is balanced at metaphase.
b) Kinetochore proteins assemble on chromosomes during prophase I.
c) Chromatids move toward the spindle poles during anaphase I.
d) Chromosome decondense during telophase I.
e) Centrosome duplication occurs during interphase.
c) Chromatids move toward the spindle poles during anaphase I.
A scientist is studying an organism with a mutation which reduces the efficiency of tetrad formation. This defect would most likely affect the ability to:
a) Breakdown the nuclear membrane
b) Duplicate centrosomes
c) Assemble spindle microtubules
d) Establish spindle poles
e) Align homologous chromosome at the metaphase plate
e) Align homologous chromosome at the metaphase
Crossing over occurs during which phase?
a) Prophase II
b) Prophase I
c) Interphase II
d) Prometaphase II
e) Interphase
b) Prophase I
Which of the following structures is unique to meiosis?
a) Spindle poles
b) Kinetochores
c) Tetrads
d) Centrosomes
e) Spindle microtubules
c) Tetrads
Sister chromatids segregate to opposite poles during which of the following types of cell division?
I. Mitosis
II. Meiosis I
III. Meiosis II
a) I and III d) I and II
b) I e) I, II and III
c) II and III
a) I and III
Chromatids can be found in which of the following types of cell division?
I. Mitosis
II. Meiosis I
III. Meiosis II
a) I and III d) I, II and III
b) II and III e) I
c) I and II
d) I, II and III
Replication precedes which of the following types of cell division?
I. Mitosis
II. Meiosis I
III. Meiosis II
a) I and II d) I, II and III
b) II and III e) I and III
c) I
a) I and II
Which of the following meiosis II events are correctly ordered?
a) Centrosome duplication, chromatid separation, chromosome condensation, telophase II
b) Replication, chromosome condensation, metaphase II, cytokinesis
c) Metaphase II, kinetochore assembly, anaphase II, cytokinesis
d) Prophase II, metaphase II, chromatid separation, chromosome decondensation
e) Tetrad formation, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II
d) Prophase II, metaphase II, chromatid separation, chromosome decondensation
Which of the following events occur during prophase II?
I. Kinetochores assemble on each tetrad
II. Chromosome condensation
III. Spindle apparatus assembly
a) I d) I and III
b) II and III e) I, II and III
c) I and II
b) II and III
Which of the following scientists are credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
a) James Watson and Francis Crick
b) Frederick Griffith and Francis Crick
c) Maurice Wilkins and Oswald Avery
d) Oswald Avery and James Watson
e) Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery
a) James Watson and Francis Crick
The following concepts led to the hypothesis that DNA has a double helix structure:
I. The ratio of A:T is 1:1.
II. Deoxyribose is the sugar in DNA.
III. DNA strands are antiparallel
a) I, II and III
b) I and II
c) I and III
d) II and III
e) II
c) I and III
Which of the following statements is true?
a) Two of the answers are correct.
b) Cytosine forms two hydrogen bonds with guanine.
c) Adenine forms three hydrogen bonds with thymine.
d) Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine.
e) Cytosine forms three hydrogen bonds with adenine.
d) Adenine forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine.
Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the antiparallel nature of DNA?
a) DNA is composed of two strands.
b) The 5’ end of one DNA strand bonds with the 3’ end of a second strand.
c) DNA utilizes complementary base pairing.
d) DNA strands are parallel.
e) The backbone of a DNA molecule is composed of phosphate groups and sugars.
b) The 5’ end of one DNA strand bonds with the 3’ end of a second strand.
Which of the following bases are categorized as purines?
a) Thymine and adenine
b) Thymine, cytosine and uracil
c) Guanine and adenine
d) Guanine, adenine and uracil
e) Guanine and cytosine
c) Guanine and adenine
What type of bond holds DNA strands together?
a) Covalent
b) Hydrophobic
c) Hydrogen
d) Phosphodiester
e) Ionic
c) Hydrogen
A phosphodiester bond links:
a) A sugar to another sugar
b) A nitrogenous base and another nitrogenous base
c) A sugar and a nitrogenous base
d) A nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
e) A sugar and a phosphate group
e) A sugar and a phosphate group
Which of the following can be found in a DNA molecule?
a) No answers are correct
b) Sugar
c) Fatty acid
d) Two answers are correct
e) Phosphate
d) Two answers are correct
Which of the following forms the backbone of a DNA molecule?
a) Deoxyribose and a phosphate group
b) Deoxyribose only
c) Deoxyribose and ribose
d) Deoxyribose and a nitrogenous base
e) Ribose and a nitrogenous base
a) Deoxyribose and a phosphate group
A nucleic acid monomer is called:
a) A nucleosome
b) A nucleoside
c) Ribose
d) A nucleotide
e) Deoxyribose
d) A nucleotide
Which of the following is a primary function of a nucleic acid?
I. Structural support
II. Storage of information
III. Energy storage
a) I and II d) II
b) II and III e) I and III
c) III
d) II
The process in which the duplicated DNA of a diploid cell is separated into identical daughter cells is called:
a) Mitosis
b) Prometaphase
c) Prophase
d) Meiosis
e) Metaphase
a) Mitosis
A picture in which all of the homologous chromosomes of an organism have been stained and organized is called a(n):
a) Ultrasound
b) Karyotype
c) Karyogram
d) Karyopic
e) Chromosomal panel
c) Karyogram
Which is the organelle that helps with the assembly of polypeptides?
a) nucleus
b) ribosome
c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d) cytoplasm
e) lysozome
b) ribosome
In which step do the tRNA and mRNA first join up in the ribosome?
a) Elongation
b) Initiation
c) Transcription
d) Translation
e) Termination
b) Initiation
In which step does the ribosome reach a stop codon and end the process of translation?
a) Elongation
b) Initiation
c) Termination
d) Transcription
e) Translation
c) Termination