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Mycology > Subcutaneous Mycoses > Flashcards

Subcutaneous Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Chromoblastomycosis

A

Chronic fungal infection acquired via traumatic inoculation of slow-growing dematiaceous fungi
Primarily located in lower extremities

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2
Q

Principle Agents of Chromoblastomycosis

A

Fonsecaea pedrosi
Fonsecaea compacta
Phialophora verrucosum
Cladophialophora carrionii

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3
Q

Chromoblastomycosis Characterized Infection

A

Development of papule at site of trauma
Slowly spreads to form warty or tumor-like lesions
“cauliflower-like”

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4
Q

Types of sporulation

A

Phialophora
Rhinocladiella
Cladosporium

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5
Q

Phialophora type sporulation

A

Conidiophores are vase or flask-shaped

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6
Q

Rhinocladiella-type Sporulation

A

Conidiophores are swollen, knotted, or club-shaped
Terminally or laterally on hyphae
Bearing elongated conidia along upper portion and tips

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7
Q

Cladosporium-type Sporulation

A

Conidiophores vary in length, treelike branching
Bearing ovoid conidia branching chain
Hila spots seen

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8
Q

Sclerotic bodies

A

Muriform cells
Thick cross walls
Mature cells have intersecting cross walls
Younger stages - no septa

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9
Q

Fonsecaea pedrosi General Info

A

Resistant to most anti-fungal agents
Slow growing (2-3 wks)

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10
Q

Fonsecaea pedrosi Colony Morph

A

Brown to black, delicate velvety mycelium
Reverse: Black
Convex, cone-shaped protrusion
Slightly embeds agar

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11
Q

Fonsecaea pedrosi Microscopic Morph

A

Septate hyphae
Conidia arise from short denticles with sympodically
Primary conidia appear as rhinocladiella-type
Sclerotic bodies seen

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12
Q

Fonsecaea compacta General Information

A

Slow growing (28 days)

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13
Q

Fonsecaea compacta Morphology

A

Same as F. pedrosi

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14
Q

Fonsecaea compacta Microscopic

A

Hyphae are branched
Predominately cladosporium-type sporulation seen
Sclerotic bodies seen

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15
Q

Phialophora verrucosum General Info

A

Second most common cause of chromoblastomycosis
Slow growing (14 days)

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16
Q

Phialophora verrucosum Colony Morphology

A

Olive green to brown to black
May be heaped and granular
Embeds in medium
Reverse: Black

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17
Q

Phialophora verrucosum Microscopic

A

Hyphae are septate and branched
Phialophora-type sporulation, vase-shaped conidiophores either lateral or terminal
Sclerotic bodies seen

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18
Q

Other Names for Sclerotic Bodies

A

Muriform cells
Copper pennies
Meddler bodies

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19
Q

Mycetoma definition

A

Localized, chronic, granulomatous infection involving cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues
Usually found on feet or hands but may be on other parts of the body

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20
Q

Organisms that cause Mycetoma

A

Actinomyces
Nocardia
Streptomyces

21
Q

Development of Mycetomas

A

Traumatic injury by contaminated:
Thorns
Splinters from plants
Fish scales or fins
Snake bites
Insect Bites
Farm Implements
Knives
Sharp objects used by field workers

22
Q

Mycetomas Location

A

Primarily in tropical and hot temperate zones
- Africa, Asia, South and Central America

23
Q

Mycetoma lesions

A

Contain granulomas and abscesses that suppurate and drain through sinus tracts

24
Q

Causative Agents of Eumycotic Mycetomas

A

Exophiala jeanselmei
Pseudallescheria boydii/Scedosporium apiospermum
Madurella mycetomatis

25
Q

Exophiala jeanselmei General Info

A

India, Malaya, Thailand, Argentina, and United States
Infections secondary to trauma involving contaminated wood products
Growth rate - 2 weeks

26
Q

Exophiala jeanselmei Colony Morphology

A

Yeast like and green to black
At 2 wks, grey to olive grey aerial mycelium
Reverse: Black

27
Q

Exophiala jeanselmei Microscopic

A

Septate, branched hyphae
Conidiophores may be branched with tapered ends borne at obtuse or right angles from hyphae
Elliptical conidia aggregate in clusters at tips and sides of conidiophores

28
Q

Exophilia jeanselmei other testing

A

Tyrosine - decomposes
Casein - negative
Xanthine - negative
KNO3 assimilation - positive

29
Q

Pseudallescheria boydii (sexual state)
Scedosporium apiospermum (asexual state)
General info

A

Growth rate 7 days

30
Q

P. boydii/S. apiospermum Colony Morphology

A

Floccose and white at first
Grey to dark brown with age
Reverse: white at first, then grey or black with age

31
Q

P. boydii/S. apiospermum Microscope

A

Septate hypha with simply long or short conidiophores bearing conidia singly or in small groups

32
Q

Asexual stage of P. boydii/S. apiospermum

A

Conidia are unicellular, oval with larger end toward apex
Truncated (cut off) appearance at base

33
Q

Sexual stage of P. boydii/S. apiospermum

A

Large cleistothecia typically round
Asci and Ascopores are formed and held until bursting

34
Q

P. boydii/S. apiospermum additional testing

A

Produce white to yellowish white granules in tissue sections
Soft to firm
Composed of hyaline hyphae

35
Q

Madurella mycetomatis General Info

A

Location: Western and Eastern Africa
Growth rate - 10 days
Better growth at 37 C

36
Q

Madurella mycetomatis Colony Morphology

A

Varies greatly
White then becoming olive, yellow, brown
Flat or domed shape
Velvety to glabrous
Characteristic brown diffusible pigment

37
Q

Madurella mycetomatis Microscopic

A

SAB: septate hyphae with chlamydoconidia-like cells
CM: produce conidiophores (phialide type), round or oval conidia

38
Q

Madurella mycetomatis Other tests

A

Reddish brown to black granules in tissue sections
Firm to hard
Compact
Variable in size and shape
Frequently multilobulated

39
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis definition

A

Describes ANY subcutaneous infection caused by any number of dematiaceous organisms exclusive of chromoblastomycosis or mycetoma

40
Q

Exophiala dermatitidis General Info

A

Slow growth rate
Yeast like at 10 days
Mold like within 21 days

41
Q

Exophiala dermatitidis Colony morphology

A

Yeast like at first. Develop aerial mycelium with age. Olive to black color
Reverse: dark

42
Q

Exophialia dermatitidis Microscope

A

Young cultures: oval to round, budding yeast like cells
Mature cultures: Septate hyphae and flask-shaped to cylindric phialides that lack a flared lip

43
Q

Exophialia dermititidis Other tests

A

Tyrosine - decomposes
Casein - negative
Xanthine - negative
Growth at 42 C
KNO3 assimiliation - negative

44
Q

Sporotrichosis

A

Chronic infection characterized by lymppocutaneous lesions of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues that suppurate, ulcerate, and drain

45
Q

Sporotrichosis organisms

A

Sporothrix schenckii

46
Q

Sporothrix schenckii General Info

A

Rapid growth - 4 days

47
Q

Sporothrix schenckii Colony Morphology

A

25-30 C - first moist and yeast like, later becomes wrinkled, leathery or velvety and brown to black
35-37 C - cream or tan, smooth and yeast like

48
Q

Sporothrix schenckii Microscopic

A

25-30 C septate hyphae with slender erect tapering conidiophores at right angles to hyphae. Pear-shaped conidia with dentricles - “rosette” or “daisy-head” conidia
35-37 C oval to round, fusiform budding yeast “cigar bodies” on BHI

Mycology (9 decks)

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