Saprophytes Flashcards
Hyaline Saprobes “Brush” like
Penicillium
Paecilomyces
Scopulariopsis
Penicillium species Etiology
Keratitis
External ear infection
Endocarditis
Penicillium species colony
Bluish-green w/ white border
Powdery
Reverse: usually white, but could be red or brown
Radial Rugal folds
Penicillium species micro
Spetate hyphae
Branched or unbranched conidiophores
Secondary branches known as metulae
Phialides that bear unbranched chains of smooth spherical conidia
“Brush” appearance
Paecilomyces species Etiology
Keratitis
Corneal Ulcers
Paecilomyces species Colony
Flat, powdery, or velvety
Yellowish brown, sometimes lilac or grey to grey-green color
Reverse: off white to brown
Paecilomyces species Micro
Resembles Penicillium species
Phialides are more elongated and taper into long, slender tube - bowling tenpins
Bend away from axis of conidiophore
Conidia are elliptic or oblong
Scopulariopsis species Etiology
Occasionally associated with nail infections especially with immunocompromised patients
Scopulariopsis species Morph
White and glabrous, then becomes powdery light brown with light tan periphery
Reverse: tan with brownish center
Irregular rugal folds begin from center to periphery
Scopulariopsis species Micro
Septate hyphae
Shorter and simpler conidiophores
Conidia are large, thick-walled, round to lemon shaped
Mature conidia are usually very rough and spiny (echinulate)
Hyaline Saprobes “Clusters”
Acremonium
Fusarium
Gliocladium
Trichderma
Acremonium (Cephalosporium) species Etiology
Mycetomas
Corneal infections
Nail infections (onychomycosis)
Acremonium species Morph
Slow grower (7 days)
Compact, folded, and felt-like then becomes loose, white or various shades of light green and yellow
Cottony hyphae
Reverse: colorless, pale yellow, or pinkish
Acremonium species Micro
Delicate septate hyphae
Erect, unbranched, tapering phialides
Conidia are oblong, one to two celled, forming clusters at tips of phialides
Fusarium species Etiology
Mycotic eye infections
Occasionally involved in skin and nail infections and systemic infections in severely debilitated hosts such as AIDS patients
Fusarium species Morph
Colony white and cottony then develops pink or violet center with lighter periphery. Some species remain white or tan
Reverse: light in color
Fusarium species Micro
Septate hyphae
2 types of sporulation
- 1) Most conidia seen are large, sickle- or canoe-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia produced from phialides on unbranched or branched conidiophores
- 2) Less development of long or short, simple conidiophores bearing small, oval, one- or two- celled conidia singly or in clusters resembling those of Acremonium species.
Gliocladium species Etiology
Not been implicated in pathogenesis
Gliocladium species Morph
Dark green and spreading. Some strains may be pink.
Reverse: white
Gliocladium species Micro
Septate hyphae
Phialides are similar to Penicillium
Conidia are clumped together and form large clusters
Trichoderma species Etiology
Opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts
Trichoderma species Morph
White and fluffy then compact, woolly with green patches
Reverse: colorless or light orange tan to yellow
Trichoderma species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidiosphores are short and branched at wide angles
Phialides are flask shaped
Conidia are round, single-celled, and clustered together
Hyaline Saprobes Single Conidia
Sepedonium
Chrysosporium
Beauveria
Sepedonium species Etiology
Considered a contaminant
Sepedonium species Morph
First white and waxy, then fluffy and yellow
Reverse: White
Sepedonium species Micro
Septate hyphae
Simple branched conidiophores
Conidia are large, round, thick walled, and usually rough and knobby
Lacks microconidia
Chrysosporium species Etiology
Rarely associated with toenail infections
Chrysosporium species Morph
Cottony, powdery, or granular
May be flat or raised
White, yellow, or tan to pale brown
Reverse: White to brown
Chrysosporium species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidia are large, ovoid, smooth, or rough walled single cells
Conidia have broad truncate base and borne singly or in short chains
Beauveria species Etiology
Rare human pathogen associated with keratitis and pneumonia in immunocompromised
Beauveria species Morph
Cottony to powdery
White to yellowish white or pale pinkish
Reverse: White or pale in color
Beauveria species Micro
Septate and narrow
Single-celled conidia are globose to oval in shape
Conidia form on flask-shaped conidiophores
Hyaline Saprobes form Arthroconidia
Malbranchea
Malbranchea species Etiology
Considered contaminants but may cause sinusitis
Malbranchea species Morph
White, yellow, beige, orange, or brownish
Granular to cottony
Malbranchea species Micro
Septate hyphae
No conidiophores formed
Straight or curved arthroconidia alternating with empty cells
Saprobes Dematiaceous (darkly pigmented)
Alternaria
Bipolaris
Helminthosporium
Cladosporium
Curvularia
Ulocladium
Chaetomium
Phoma
Aureobasidium pullulans
Stachybotrys
Alternaria species Etiology
Cause sinusitis, keratomycosis, onychomycosis, and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis
Alternaria species Morph
Fluffy grey to grey-brown or dark to grey-green
Reverse: Black
Alternaria species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidiophores vary in length, may be branched
Conidia are large, brown and have both transverse and longitudinal septations
Conidia are found singly or in chains “club-like” shape
Bipolaris species Etiology
Causes sinusitis and phaeohyphomycosis
Bipolaris species Morph
Grey-green to dark brown or black
Powdery
Reverse: Light or Dark
Bipolaris species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are twisted at ends where conidia are attached and geniculate (bent at abrupt angle)
Smooth-walled, multi-celled conidia with transverse septations
Helminthosporium species Etiology
Not associated with pathogenicity
Helminthosporium species Morph
Dark grey to black, cottony
Reverse: Black
Helminthosporium species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are slightly curved and sometimes in clusters
Conidia are produced along sides of conidiophores often in whorls
Conidia are large, dark, and club shaped with transverse septations
Cladosporium species Etiology
Cause keratitis, corneal ulcers, and onychomycosis
Cladosporium species Morph
Greenish-brown to black, suede-like
Heaped and folded
Reverse: Black
Cladosporium species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are branched and producing two or more conidial chains
Conidia are oval, single celled, and forming treelike chains. “Hila” spots
Curvularia species Etiology
Cornea, cause mycetoma, and involved in a variety of opportunistic infections.
Phaeohypomycosis including sinusitis, keratitis, superficial, subcutaneous, pulmonary, and occasionally disseminated disease
Curvularia species Morph
Dark olive green to brown or black
Woolly
Reverse: Black
Curvularia species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are simple, bent and knobby at points of conidial formation
Conidia are large, contain 4 cells and appear curved due to swelling of central cell
Ulocladium species Etiology
Rarely involved in phaeohyphomycosis
Ulocladium species Morph
Dark brown to black
Cottony
Reverse: Black
Ulocladium species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are simple or branched and bent at points of conidial production (zigzag)
Conidia are round to oval with transverse and longitudinal septations
Chaetomium species Etiology
Occasionally implicated in nail and wound infections
Subcutaneous and systemic phaeohyphomycosis
Chaetomium species Morph
Cottony
White then becomes tannish
Reverse: Orange-tan or brown/black
Chaetomium species Micro
Septate hyphae
Large, round, oval, or flask-shaped perithecia
Ascospores are oval or lemon-shaped and single celled
Phoma species Etiology
Contaminant
Occasionally associated with phaeohyphomycosis
Phoma species Morph
Powdery/velvety
Greyish-brown or greenish
Reverse: Brown to Black
Diffused pigment of reddish to brown
Aureobasidium pullulans Etiology
Environmental contaminant
Implicated in phaeophyphomycosis in HIV individuals
Aureobasidium pullulans Morph
First white but becomes black, shiny, and leathery
Reverse: Black
Aureobasidium pullulans Micro
Young colonies: yeast-like cells
Two types of hyphae develop in older colonies
1) Delicate thin-walled hyaline hyphae which produce conidia directly from walls at certain fertile points
2) Thick walled, dark, and closely septated conidia some of which produce short tubes that produce hyaline daughter cells
Stachybotrys species Etiology
“Sick Building Syndrome” from powerful toxin
Stachybotrys species Morph
First white and cottony becoming black with age
Reverse: Light then dark
Stachybotrys species Micro
Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are simple or branched and bear clusters of 3 - 10 phialides
Phialides are cylindric with swollen upper portions
Conidia are dark, oval, single cells