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Mycology > Saprophytes > Flashcards

Saprophytes Flashcards

1
Q

Hyaline Saprobes “Brush” like

A

Penicillium
Paecilomyces
Scopulariopsis

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2
Q

Penicillium species Etiology

A

Keratitis
External ear infection
Endocarditis

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3
Q

Penicillium species colony

A

Bluish-green w/ white border
Powdery
Reverse: usually white, but could be red or brown
Radial Rugal folds

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4
Q

Penicillium species micro

A

Spetate hyphae
Branched or unbranched conidiophores
Secondary branches known as metulae
Phialides that bear unbranched chains of smooth spherical conidia
“Brush” appearance

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5
Q

Paecilomyces species Etiology

A

Keratitis
Corneal Ulcers

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6
Q

Paecilomyces species Colony

A

Flat, powdery, or velvety
Yellowish brown, sometimes lilac or grey to grey-green color
Reverse: off white to brown

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7
Q

Paecilomyces species Micro

A

Resembles Penicillium species
Phialides are more elongated and taper into long, slender tube - bowling tenpins
Bend away from axis of conidiophore
Conidia are elliptic or oblong

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8
Q

Scopulariopsis species Etiology

A

Occasionally associated with nail infections especially with immunocompromised patients

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9
Q

Scopulariopsis species Morph

A

White and glabrous, then becomes powdery light brown with light tan periphery
Reverse: tan with brownish center
Irregular rugal folds begin from center to periphery

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10
Q

Scopulariopsis species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Shorter and simpler conidiophores
Conidia are large, thick-walled, round to lemon shaped
Mature conidia are usually very rough and spiny (echinulate)

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11
Q

Hyaline Saprobes “Clusters”

A

Acremonium
Fusarium
Gliocladium
Trichderma

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12
Q

Acremonium (Cephalosporium) species Etiology

A

Mycetomas
Corneal infections
Nail infections (onychomycosis)

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13
Q

Acremonium species Morph

A

Slow grower (7 days)
Compact, folded, and felt-like then becomes loose, white or various shades of light green and yellow
Cottony hyphae
Reverse: colorless, pale yellow, or pinkish

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14
Q

Acremonium species Micro

A

Delicate septate hyphae
Erect, unbranched, tapering phialides
Conidia are oblong, one to two celled, forming clusters at tips of phialides

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15
Q

Fusarium species Etiology

A

Mycotic eye infections
Occasionally involved in skin and nail infections and systemic infections in severely debilitated hosts such as AIDS patients

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16
Q

Fusarium species Morph

A

Colony white and cottony then develops pink or violet center with lighter periphery. Some species remain white or tan
Reverse: light in color

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17
Q

Fusarium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
2 types of sporulation
- 1) Most conidia seen are large, sickle- or canoe-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia produced from phialides on unbranched or branched conidiophores
- 2) Less development of long or short, simple conidiophores bearing small, oval, one- or two- celled conidia singly or in clusters resembling those of Acremonium species.

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18
Q

Gliocladium species Etiology

A

Not been implicated in pathogenesis

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19
Q

Gliocladium species Morph

A

Dark green and spreading. Some strains may be pink.
Reverse: white

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20
Q

Gliocladium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Phialides are similar to Penicillium
Conidia are clumped together and form large clusters

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21
Q

Trichoderma species Etiology

A

Opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts

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22
Q

Trichoderma species Morph

A

White and fluffy then compact, woolly with green patches
Reverse: colorless or light orange tan to yellow

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23
Q

Trichoderma species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiosphores are short and branched at wide angles
Phialides are flask shaped
Conidia are round, single-celled, and clustered together

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24
Q

Hyaline Saprobes Single Conidia

A

Sepedonium
Chrysosporium
Beauveria

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25
Q

Sepedonium species Etiology

A

Considered a contaminant

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26
Q

Sepedonium species Morph

A

First white and waxy, then fluffy and yellow
Reverse: White

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27
Q

Sepedonium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Simple branched conidiophores
Conidia are large, round, thick walled, and usually rough and knobby
Lacks microconidia

28
Q

Chrysosporium species Etiology

A

Rarely associated with toenail infections

29
Q

Chrysosporium species Morph

A

Cottony, powdery, or granular
May be flat or raised
White, yellow, or tan to pale brown
Reverse: White to brown

30
Q

Chrysosporium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidia are large, ovoid, smooth, or rough walled single cells
Conidia have broad truncate base and borne singly or in short chains

31
Q

Beauveria species Etiology

A

Rare human pathogen associated with keratitis and pneumonia in immunocompromised

32
Q

Beauveria species Morph

A

Cottony to powdery
White to yellowish white or pale pinkish
Reverse: White or pale in color

33
Q

Beauveria species Micro

A

Septate and narrow
Single-celled conidia are globose to oval in shape
Conidia form on flask-shaped conidiophores

34
Q

Hyaline Saprobes form Arthroconidia

A

Malbranchea

35
Q

Malbranchea species Etiology

A

Considered contaminants but may cause sinusitis

36
Q

Malbranchea species Morph

A

White, yellow, beige, orange, or brownish
Granular to cottony

37
Q

Malbranchea species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
No conidiophores formed
Straight or curved arthroconidia alternating with empty cells

38
Q

Saprobes Dematiaceous (darkly pigmented)

A

Alternaria
Bipolaris
Helminthosporium
Cladosporium
Curvularia
Ulocladium
Chaetomium
Phoma
Aureobasidium pullulans
Stachybotrys

39
Q

Alternaria species Etiology

A

Cause sinusitis, keratomycosis, onychomycosis, and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis

40
Q

Alternaria species Morph

A

Fluffy grey to grey-brown or dark to grey-green
Reverse: Black

41
Q

Alternaria species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiophores vary in length, may be branched
Conidia are large, brown and have both transverse and longitudinal septations
Conidia are found singly or in chains “club-like” shape

42
Q

Bipolaris species Etiology

A

Causes sinusitis and phaeohyphomycosis

43
Q

Bipolaris species Morph

A

Grey-green to dark brown or black
Powdery
Reverse: Light or Dark

44
Q

Bipolaris species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are twisted at ends where conidia are attached and geniculate (bent at abrupt angle)
Smooth-walled, multi-celled conidia with transverse septations

45
Q

Helminthosporium species Etiology

A

Not associated with pathogenicity

46
Q

Helminthosporium species Morph

A

Dark grey to black, cottony
Reverse: Black

47
Q

Helminthosporium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are slightly curved and sometimes in clusters
Conidia are produced along sides of conidiophores often in whorls
Conidia are large, dark, and club shaped with transverse septations

48
Q

Cladosporium species Etiology

A

Cause keratitis, corneal ulcers, and onychomycosis

49
Q

Cladosporium species Morph

A

Greenish-brown to black, suede-like
Heaped and folded
Reverse: Black

50
Q

Cladosporium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are branched and producing two or more conidial chains
Conidia are oval, single celled, and forming treelike chains. “Hila” spots

51
Q

Curvularia species Etiology

A

Cornea, cause mycetoma, and involved in a variety of opportunistic infections.
Phaeohypomycosis including sinusitis, keratitis, superficial, subcutaneous, pulmonary, and occasionally disseminated disease

52
Q

Curvularia species Morph

A

Dark olive green to brown or black
Woolly
Reverse: Black

53
Q

Curvularia species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are simple, bent and knobby at points of conidial formation
Conidia are large, contain 4 cells and appear curved due to swelling of central cell

54
Q

Ulocladium species Etiology

A

Rarely involved in phaeohyphomycosis

55
Q

Ulocladium species Morph

A

Dark brown to black
Cottony
Reverse: Black

56
Q

Ulocladium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are simple or branched and bent at points of conidial production (zigzag)
Conidia are round to oval with transverse and longitudinal septations

57
Q

Chaetomium species Etiology

A

Occasionally implicated in nail and wound infections
Subcutaneous and systemic phaeohyphomycosis

58
Q

Chaetomium species Morph

A

Cottony
White then becomes tannish
Reverse: Orange-tan or brown/black

59
Q

Chaetomium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Large, round, oval, or flask-shaped perithecia
Ascospores are oval or lemon-shaped and single celled

60
Q

Phoma species Etiology

A

Contaminant
Occasionally associated with phaeohyphomycosis

61
Q

Phoma species Morph

A

Powdery/velvety
Greyish-brown or greenish
Reverse: Brown to Black
Diffused pigment of reddish to brown

62
Q

Aureobasidium pullulans Etiology

A

Environmental contaminant
Implicated in phaeophyphomycosis in HIV individuals

63
Q

Aureobasidium pullulans Morph

A

First white but becomes black, shiny, and leathery
Reverse: Black

64
Q

Aureobasidium pullulans Micro

A

Young colonies: yeast-like cells
Two types of hyphae develop in older colonies
1) Delicate thin-walled hyaline hyphae which produce conidia directly from walls at certain fertile points
2) Thick walled, dark, and closely septated conidia some of which produce short tubes that produce hyaline daughter cells

65
Q

Stachybotrys species Etiology

A

“Sick Building Syndrome” from powerful toxin

66
Q

Stachybotrys species Morph

A

First white and cottony becoming black with age
Reverse: Light then dark

67
Q

Stachybotrys species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiophores are simple or branched and bear clusters of 3 - 10 phialides
Phialides are cylindric with swollen upper portions
Conidia are dark, oval, single cells

Mycology (9 decks)

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