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Saprophytes Flashcards

1
Q

Hyaline Saprobes “Brush” like

A

Penicillium
Paecilomyces
Scopulariopsis

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2
Q

Penicillium species Etiology

A

Keratitis
External ear infection
Endocarditis

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3
Q

Penicillium species colony

A

Bluish-green w/ white border
Powdery
Reverse: usually white, but could be red or brown
Radial Rugal folds

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4
Q

Penicillium species micro

A

Spetate hyphae
Branched or unbranched conidiophores
Secondary branches known as metulae
Phialides that bear unbranched chains of smooth spherical conidia
“Brush” appearance

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5
Q

Paecilomyces species Etiology

A

Keratitis
Corneal Ulcers

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6
Q

Paecilomyces species Colony

A

Flat, powdery, or velvety
Yellowish brown, sometimes lilac or grey to grey-green color
Reverse: off white to brown

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7
Q

Paecilomyces species Micro

A

Resembles Penicillium species
Phialides are more elongated and taper into long, slender tube - bowling tenpins
Bend away from axis of conidiophore
Conidia are elliptic or oblong

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8
Q

Scopulariopsis species Etiology

A

Occasionally associated with nail infections especially with immunocompromised patients

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9
Q

Scopulariopsis species Morph

A

White and glabrous, then becomes powdery light brown with light tan periphery
Reverse: tan with brownish center
Irregular rugal folds begin from center to periphery

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10
Q

Scopulariopsis species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Shorter and simpler conidiophores
Conidia are large, thick-walled, round to lemon shaped
Mature conidia are usually very rough and spiny (echinulate)

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11
Q

Hyaline Saprobes “Clusters”

A

Acremonium
Fusarium
Gliocladium
Trichderma

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12
Q

Acremonium (Cephalosporium) species Etiology

A

Mycetomas
Corneal infections
Nail infections (onychomycosis)

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13
Q

Acremonium species Morph

A

Slow grower (7 days)
Compact, folded, and felt-like then becomes loose, white or various shades of light green and yellow
Cottony hyphae
Reverse: colorless, pale yellow, or pinkish

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14
Q

Acremonium species Micro

A

Delicate septate hyphae
Erect, unbranched, tapering phialides
Conidia are oblong, one to two celled, forming clusters at tips of phialides

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15
Q

Fusarium species Etiology

A

Mycotic eye infections
Occasionally involved in skin and nail infections and systemic infections in severely debilitated hosts such as AIDS patients

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16
Q

Fusarium species Morph

A

Colony white and cottony then develops pink or violet center with lighter periphery. Some species remain white or tan
Reverse: light in color

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17
Q

Fusarium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
2 types of sporulation
- 1) Most conidia seen are large, sickle- or canoe-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia produced from phialides on unbranched or branched conidiophores
- 2) Less development of long or short, simple conidiophores bearing small, oval, one- or two- celled conidia singly or in clusters resembling those of Acremonium species.

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18
Q

Gliocladium species Etiology

A

Not been implicated in pathogenesis

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19
Q

Gliocladium species Morph

A

Dark green and spreading. Some strains may be pink.
Reverse: white

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20
Q

Gliocladium species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Phialides are similar to Penicillium
Conidia are clumped together and form large clusters

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21
Q

Trichoderma species Etiology

A

Opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts

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22
Q

Trichoderma species Morph

A

White and fluffy then compact, woolly with green patches
Reverse: colorless or light orange tan to yellow

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23
Q

Trichoderma species Micro

A

Septate hyphae
Conidiosphores are short and branched at wide angles
Phialides are flask shaped
Conidia are round, single-celled, and clustered together

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24
Q

Hyaline Saprobes Single Conidia

A

Sepedonium
Chrysosporium
Beauveria

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25
Sepedonium species Etiology
Considered a contaminant
26
Sepedonium species Morph
First white and waxy, then fluffy and yellow Reverse: White
27
Sepedonium species Micro
Septate hyphae Simple branched conidiophores Conidia are large, round, thick walled, and usually rough and knobby Lacks microconidia
28
Chrysosporium species Etiology
Rarely associated with toenail infections
29
Chrysosporium species Morph
Cottony, powdery, or granular May be flat or raised White, yellow, or tan to pale brown Reverse: White to brown
30
Chrysosporium species Micro
Septate hyphae Conidia are large, ovoid, smooth, or rough walled single cells Conidia have broad truncate base and borne singly or in short chains
31
Beauveria species Etiology
Rare human pathogen associated with keratitis and pneumonia in immunocompromised
32
Beauveria species Morph
Cottony to powdery White to yellowish white or pale pinkish Reverse: White or pale in color
33
Beauveria species Micro
Septate and narrow Single-celled conidia are globose to oval in shape Conidia form on flask-shaped conidiophores
34
Hyaline Saprobes form Arthroconidia
Malbranchea
35
Malbranchea species Etiology
Considered contaminants but may cause sinusitis
36
Malbranchea species Morph
White, yellow, beige, orange, or brownish Granular to cottony
37
Malbranchea species Micro
Septate hyphae No conidiophores formed Straight or curved arthroconidia alternating with empty cells
38
Saprobes Dematiaceous (darkly pigmented)
Alternaria Bipolaris Helminthosporium Cladosporium Curvularia Ulocladium Chaetomium Phoma Aureobasidium pullulans Stachybotrys
39
Alternaria species Etiology
Cause sinusitis, keratomycosis, onychomycosis, and subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis
40
Alternaria species Morph
Fluffy grey to grey-brown or dark to grey-green Reverse: Black
41
Alternaria species Micro
Septate hyphae Conidiophores vary in length, may be branched Conidia are large, brown and have both transverse and longitudinal septations Conidia are found singly or in chains "club-like" shape
42
Bipolaris species Etiology
Causes sinusitis and phaeohyphomycosis
43
Bipolaris species Morph
Grey-green to dark brown or black Powdery Reverse: Light or Dark
44
Bipolaris species Micro
Septate hyphae Conidiophores are twisted at ends where conidia are attached and geniculate (bent at abrupt angle) Smooth-walled, multi-celled conidia with transverse septations
45
Helminthosporium species Etiology
Not associated with pathogenicity
46
Helminthosporium species Morph
Dark grey to black, cottony Reverse: Black
47
Helminthosporium species Micro
Septate hyphae Conidiophores are slightly curved and sometimes in clusters Conidia are produced along sides of conidiophores often in whorls Conidia are large, dark, and club shaped with transverse septations
48
Cladosporium species Etiology
Cause keratitis, corneal ulcers, and onychomycosis
49
Cladosporium species Morph
Greenish-brown to black, suede-like Heaped and folded Reverse: Black
50
Cladosporium species Micro
Septate hyphae Conidiophores are branched and producing two or more conidial chains Conidia are oval, single celled, and forming treelike chains. "Hila" spots
51
Curvularia species Etiology
Cornea, cause mycetoma, and involved in a variety of opportunistic infections. Phaeohypomycosis including sinusitis, keratitis, superficial, subcutaneous, pulmonary, and occasionally disseminated disease
52
Curvularia species Morph
Dark olive green to brown or black Woolly Reverse: Black
53
Curvularia species Micro
Septate hyphae Conidiophores are simple, bent and knobby at points of conidial formation Conidia are large, contain 4 cells and appear curved due to swelling of central cell
54
Ulocladium species Etiology
Rarely involved in phaeohyphomycosis
55
Ulocladium species Morph
Dark brown to black Cottony Reverse: Black
56
Ulocladium species Micro
Septate hyphae Conidiophores are simple or branched and bent at points of conidial production (zigzag) Conidia are round to oval with transverse and longitudinal septations
57
Chaetomium species Etiology
Occasionally implicated in nail and wound infections Subcutaneous and systemic phaeohyphomycosis
58
Chaetomium species Morph
Cottony White then becomes tannish Reverse: Orange-tan or brown/black
59
Chaetomium species Micro
Septate hyphae Large, round, oval, or flask-shaped perithecia Ascospores are oval or lemon-shaped and single celled
60
Phoma species Etiology
Contaminant Occasionally associated with phaeohyphomycosis
61
Phoma species Morph
Powdery/velvety Greyish-brown or greenish Reverse: Brown to Black Diffused pigment of reddish to brown
62
Aureobasidium pullulans Etiology
Environmental contaminant Implicated in phaeophyphomycosis in HIV individuals
63
Aureobasidium pullulans Morph
First white but becomes black, shiny, and leathery Reverse: Black
64
Aureobasidium pullulans Micro
Young colonies: yeast-like cells Two types of hyphae develop in older colonies 1) Delicate thin-walled hyaline hyphae which produce conidia directly from walls at certain fertile points 2) Thick walled, dark, and closely septated conidia some of which produce short tubes that produce hyaline daughter cells
65
Stachybotrys species Etiology
"Sick Building Syndrome" from powerful toxin
66
Stachybotrys species Morph
First white and cottony becoming black with age Reverse: Light then dark
67
Stachybotrys species Micro
Septate hyphae Conidiophores are simple or branched and bear clusters of 3 - 10 phialides Phialides are cylindric with swollen upper portions Conidia are dark, oval, single cells

Mycology (9 decks)

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