Subcultural Theory Flashcards
What is alternative status hierarchy?
Means they turn to other ways of gaining status and power - through being on their delinquent subcultures
Who developed Mertons strain theory by applying it to group responses?
Albert Cohen
Who came up with the illegitimate opportunity structure?
Cloward and Ohlin
What is the illegitimate opportunity structure?
It’s opportunities that exist to allow people to commit crime e.g. Access to criminal role models, existence of corrupt police
What is criminal subculture?
Established working class estates. They are largely concerned with utilitarian crime that derives financial reward
What is conflict subculture?
Develop in areas where there is little organised adult crime. Young people focus on gaining respect through gang violence
What is retreatist subculture?
Comprise of people have failed to succeed in both the legitimate and illegitimate opportunity structure. Mainly around illegal drug abuse
What 6 focal concerns does Miller describe as working class values?
Trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, fate and autonomy
What are socially approved values?
Respect for authority (we are all happy to express these values to police)
What are subterranean values?
Values that are not socially approved of e.g. Racist and sexist values
What is status frustration?
Sense of frustration/strain with not being given any status within school
According to Neo Marxist the development of delinquent working class youth subculture was what?
A subconscious rebellion against capitalism
Who came up with magical solutions?
Mike Brake
Who said the rebellion of working class subculture is a form of ‘resistance through rituals’.
Hall and Jefferson
What are the techniques of neutralisation?
1) denial of responsibility
2) denial of victim
3) denial of injury
4) condemnation of condemners
5) appeal to higher loyalties
