Sub 4: Energy and Metabolism

Question 1

what is energy in food measured in?

Answer 1

KJg-1

Question 2

name functions that use energy from food in the body?

Answer 2

muscle contraction
synthesis of proteins
maintenance of body temperature
active transport

Question 3

what is energy balance?

Answer 3

energy taken in balances its energy output

Question 4

what happens if less or more energy is used than expected?

Answer 4

is less is then the body uses up fat form its energy stores

if more is then the body stores it in energy stores as fat

Question 5

what is the basal metabolic rate?

Answer 5

the total energy expended for basic body functions - breathing, cell metabolism, heart contraction

Question 6

what can be used to measure BMR?

Answer 6

body’s heat release

Question 7

what must the person tested need to do before measuring BMR?

Answer 7

be completely rested
fasted for least 10-12 hours
in a thermoneutral environment

Question 8

what are factors that affect BMR?

Answer 8

body mass, body composition, age,

Question 9

what are additional energy expenditures?

Answer 9

dietary induced thermogenesis - digestion of food

pregnancy

Question 10

what is direct calorimetry?

Answer 10

measures the body heat released in an airtight chamber, which is insulated to prevent heat loss

Question 11

what is indirect calorimetry?

Answer 11

estimates energy expenditure using a correlation to another form of energy measurement.