stuff idk Flashcards
seiving
mixture is passed through sieve, small particles pass through while large particles stay
filtration
pored into a filter paper. liquid goes through while solid remains as residue
vaccum fitration
faster than regular filtration. the funnel is usually ceramic with a flat base and vertical sides. base has holes for liquid to go through. flat filter paper at bottom of funnel. then placed in vaccum flask which is a conical flask with a rubber seal and side arm for vaccum tube.
decantation
pouring liquid from settled sediment
seperation funnel
when immiscible liquids are in a flask, less dense liquid floats to top. tap opens and dense liquid flows out do the seperate
centrifiguration
spinning a mixture rapidly can speed up the sedimentation process and extract finer particlesthat may or may not settle out naturally
evaporation
liquid is boiled until just solid is left
distillation
mixture is placed in round bottom flask and boiled. vapour rises up flask then goes into water cooled condenser. vapor condences back to liquid (distillate) collected in beaker
fractional distillation
mixture is heated and components or fractions with different boiling points rise up fractionating collumn to different hieghts. lowest boiling point goes to top anf highest boiling point stays low
electostatic seperation
mixture in magnetic feild. differently charged particles will be attracted or repelled and follow different paths to be caught seperately
magnetic seperation
a magnet is used to take out magnetic substance
chromotography
seperates liquids or gasses based off their differing affinity for various materials present in chromatography apparatus
heterogeneous
diverse, different. posesses 2 or more different phases in the same sample, eg suspension
homogeneous
uniform. components uniformly distributed throughout substance, eg a solution
electronegativity
ability of an atom to gain electrons . decreases down a group as the core charge is the same and number os shells increase. increases left to right across period because # of shells remain the same but core charge increases
democritus
beleived all substances were made from atoms the final peice of matter that was invisible to the eye
dalton
explained his observations of of chemical reactions in terms of tiny particles he called atoms. thought all matter was made up of atoms and they all had different weights.
thompson
used a cathode ray to discover that particles flow from negative electrodes to positive electrodes and stream of particles is repelled by other negative electrodes. subatomic particles.
rhutherford
fired positively charges particles at gold foil. concluded most of an atom must be empty to allow most particles to pass through. nucleus positive charge deflected particles. surrounded by negative charge electrons
bohr
quantum theory energy levels flame test
chadwick
discovered neutrons
calculate relative atomic mass
mass of individual isotope of each element compared to c12 standard.
octet rule
acheive 8 electrons in outer shell
electromagnetic radiation/spectrum
visible light and the light spectrum
