human bio test 1

Question 1

what is human biological sciences

Answer 1

the scientific study of humans, both as individuals and as populations, and the study of interactions between humans and the environment

Question 2

inquiry

Answer 2

a way of finding out about human beings, and their living and non-living surroundings

Question 3

science is a body of knowledge

Answer 3

• knowledge is gained by systematic observation and testing of ideas
• scientific knowledge is not fixed and always changing
• knowledge is continually increasing as new discoveries are made, and existing knowledge often has to be modified or discarded, as new evidence accumulates

Question 4

anatomy

Answer 4

structure of body

Question 5

anthropology

Answer 5

relationships between the biological, cultural, geographical and historic aspects of humans

Question 6

archaeology

Answer 6

material evidence of the past such as tools, weapons and art rather than written records

Question 7

biochemistry

Answer 7

chemistry of living things

Question 8

cytology

Answer 8

cells

Question 9

demography

Answer 9

statistical study of populations

Question 10

embryology

Answer 10

development from fertilization to birth

Question 11

genetics

Answer 11

how characteristics are passed from generation to generation

Question 12

molecular biology

Answer 12

macromolecules of the cell

Question 13

nutrition

Answer 13

food requirements for humans

Question 14

palaeontology

Answer 14

fossils

Question 15

physiology

Answer 15

functioning of living things

Question 16

prehistory

Answer 16

the past, before the time of written records

Question 17

primatology

Answer 17

non-human members of the primatess - apes, monkeys, lemurs, lorises and tasiers

Question 18

psychology

Answer 18

human behavior

Question 19

sociology

Answer 19

nature of human society

Question 20

literature review

Answer 20

finding info that has already been collected by reading books, scientific journals, and the internet and build on past discoveries

Question 21

observation

Answer 21

the use of senses, sometimes with instruments that enhance the senses, to gather information. patient observation analyzing data
eg, microbiologists observe the structure of bacteria and viruses using an electron microscope

Question 22

classifying

Answer 22

placing things in groups based on the similarity of their characteristics. human biologists are concerned with classification of primates

Question 23

experimentation

Answer 23

in experiments a scientists proposes a hypothesis, which is a statement about what they think might happen. they are trying to prove/disprove their theory.

Question 24

hypothesis

Answer 24

a possible explanation to account for observations

Question 25

variable

Answer 25

any factor that may change during an experimeny

Question 26

controlled variable

Answer 26

variables that are controlled in an experiment

Question 27

independent variable

Answer 27

the factor that is being investigated; the factor that is deliberately changed to determine its effect; also called the experimental or the manipulative variable

Question 28

dependent variable

Answer 28

the factor that changes in response to changes in the independent variable; also called the responding variable (measure)

Question 29

control

Answer 29

a procedure carried out to give a comparison in a experiment

Question 30

objectivity

Answer 30

not allowing your thoughts or feelings to influence how you record or interpret observations.

Question 31

validity of results

Answer 31

valid if its testing what its supposed to test. must follow the hypothesis. it can also be invalid if there are uncontrolled variables (factors that are not kept the same for the experimental and control set up).

Question 32

reliability of results

Answer 32

to the extent to which an experiment gives the same results each time it is performed. measuring/experimenting instruments must also be reliable. repetition is doing an experiment several times which ensures that, when the results are averaged, it will minimize the effect of any chance factors.

Question 33

making sense of data

Answer 33

data are the observations and measurements that are collected during a scientific investigation. once data is collected it must be represented in a meaningful form like a table or a graph

Question 34

average

Answer 34

the total measurements in a group divided by the total number of measurements

Question 35

mean

Answer 35

the average of a set of data

Question 36

outliers

Answer 36

measurements well beyond the range of the rest of the measurements in a set

Question 37

ratio

Answer 37

a numerical statement of how one variable relates to another

Question 38

rate

Answer 38

a ratio that shows how long it takes to do something

Question 39

per cent

Answer 39

per 100. calculate percentage change -> new value - old value / old value x 100

Question 40

frequency

Answer 40

the number of times an event occurs

Question 41

frequency distribution

Answer 41

a table summarizing data by showing how often a variable occurs; also known as a frequency table

Question 42

scientific method

Answer 42

recognition of problem -> collect info related to problem -> make a hypothesis -> test the hypothesis -> collecting data from experiment -> make a conclusion

Question 43

experimental errors

Answer 43

human - simply a mistake, random - unpredictable errors that occur, systematic - due to experiment design

Question 44

ethics

Answer 44

set of moral principles, values or standards observed by most people in society

Question 45

ethical considerations

Answer 45

1. voluntary participation 2. informed consent 3. no risk of harm 4. confidentiality 5. anonymity

Question 46

placebo

Answer 46

an inactive substance that looks like real medication, used in medical experiments

Question 47

placebo effect

Answer 47

a change improvement in patients the are given a placebo

Question 48

scientific model

Answer 48

simplified representation of an idea or process