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pediatrics > stuff I should have read sooner > Flashcards

stuff I should have read sooner Flashcards

1
Q

5 types of abuse

A

physical, neglect, mental, threat of harm, sexual/exploitation

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2
Q

AVN & ages

A 
3-5 LCP
6 Kohlers
8-9 Severs
9-11 Panners (capitellum)
11-13 Osgood-Schlat
12-14 Freibergs
13-16 Scheurmanns
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3
Q

Discitis

A 
3-5 = inflammation
teens = infection
MC @ T10-L5
\+ limp, + Lx, - hip
not bacterial = rest & brace 2-4wks
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4
Q

septic hip arthritis

A

MC 0-2
holds hip in antalgic position (flex & ABd)
–X-ray unreliable takes 3 days to show up.
–**joint aspiration

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5
Q

13-16

A

pubertal growth spurt

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6
Q

17-19

A

pubertal development completed

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7
Q

children 6-9 & sports

A

MAY start team sports

  • -balance is more automatic
  • -small attention
  • -canish do relevant Vs non stimuli
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8
Q

children 10-12 & sport

A

reaching puberty = (-) effect on balance.

  • -team sports!!
  • -respond well to competitive training & sports.
  • SIZE not age
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9
Q

infants 0-2 & sport

A

unstructured play.

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10
Q

nocturnal enuresis

bed wetting

A

–symptom NOT disease
–no concern until ~6yrs
PRIMARY = never been dry = delayed neuronal maturation
SECONDARY = relapses after 3-4m dry = UTI, renal disease, motor disease, emotional, food allergy…

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11
Q

Management for bed wettign

A
  • -counsel * reassure
  • -condition w. urine sensitive pad/bell system
  • -elimination diet
  • -CMT
  • -meds: imipramine (anti-depressant)
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12
Q

Asthma

A

MC chronic disease of kids

–nutrients = vit B6, Mg, Omega-3, Boswellia

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13
Q

accidental ingestion =

A

1 pediatric concern in 1-4yrs

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14
Q

cystic fibrosis =

A

–faulty transport of Na/Cl from epithelial cells of lungs & pancreas = thick mucous
~ live to 25

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15
Q

triad of symptoms of cystic fibrosis =

A

1) chronic pulmonary disease (cough, recurrent res infection, failure to thrive)
2) malabsorption 2degree to pancreatic insufficiency: stools freq & bulky
3) elevated sweat electrolytes

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16
Q

eval & tx for cystic fibrosis =

A
  • -sweat test = for dx
  • -postureal drainage/chest percuss to mobilize thick mucous
  • -antibiotics for infections
  • -vaporizers to thin mucous
  • -enriched diets & pancreatic enzymes
  • -oxygen therapy
  • -lung transplant
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17
Q

cough

A

cough in infants are unusual & probably needs referral

18
Q

viral croup

A
  • -viral infection = obstruct upper airway (<4yoa)
  • -most causes resolve some lead to fail respiratory
  • -gradual onset 3-4days, fever, cough, hoarseness, sore throat, respiratory distress
  • *croupy cough = short, sharp, barking, worse at night**
19
Q

treatment of viral croup

A

r/o bacterial croup,

  • -avoid sugar & dairy
  • -increase fluids
  • -steam inhalation kinds >6m
  • -Vit A, C, E, bioflavinoids, Zn
  • -CMT
  • -lymph drainage
20
Q

rheumatic fever

A

5-15
immune mediate reaction to group A beta hemolytic strep infection
–cardiac damage 40-50%
–polyarthritis (MC)
–chorea, erythema marginatum, sub-q nodules on extensor tendons of extremities

21
Q

common cold (viral URTI)

A
  • -viral infection of mucous membranes of nose/throat

- -kids 6m-5yrs may have 6-12 colds/year

22
Q

complications/sequellae of a common cold =

A
  • -otitis media
  • -sinusitis
  • -bronchitis & pneumonia (green sputum or blood, rales, rhonchi & remits)
23
Q

meningitis

A

–vomiting or diarrhea
–infant = >100F OR kids >103
–meningeal irritation
–HA, fatigue, crying
–bulging anterior fontanelle
–purplish blue skin lesions
SEARCH SIGNS

24
Q

Fever

A

> 99.6 in child who is acting ill

–look for SEARCH signs.

25
Q

fever management

A

> 102 = tylenol or ibuprofen if uncomfortable & monitor temp 1-4h

> 103 = same, wait 30 mins & sponge bath for 10mins & recheck temp.

26
Q

red flags for referral with fever

A
    • > 104
    • > 102F for >24h
  • -any fever over 3 days
  • -infant <3-6m & >1–F + SEARCH signs
  • -stiff neck or skin lesions
  • -child is irritable, drowsy, lethargic, acts/looks sick
27
Q

febrile seizures/convulsions =

A

rising body temp = tonic-clonic contractions for 2-3min

–rare after 5

28
Q

febrile seizures/convulsions management =

A

time seizure >5mins = emergency

–lumbar puncture IF: signs of meningeal irritation, signs of increased intracranial pressure, atypical seizure

29
Q

Reyes Syndrome =

A

giving aspirin to kids until 18

  • -assoc w. URTI or varicella
  • -encephalopathy w. fatty degeneration of liver
  • -may have increased liver enzymes and other bad things (personality change, confusion, delirium…)
30
Q

subluxation of radial head

A
  • -hold arm in pronated position
  • -x-ray normal via pulled by hand
  • -place elbow in supination & slowly extend arm
31
Q

iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

A

MC nutritional deficiency in kids

  • -pallor, anorexia, poor muscle tone
  • -1.5mg/kg bid for 30 days WITH Vit. C**
  • -decrease milk & dairy consumption
32
Q

pes planus

A

<4 yrs = no tx

let them walk bare foot but don’t over due it & wait for muscles to develop

33
Q

metatarsus varus (adductus)

A

kidney foot

  • -more spontaneously resolve
  • -some need casting & corrective shoes
34
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

clubfoot

  • -plantar flexion
  • -varus/inversion deformity
  • -forefoot varus
  • *use manipulation to stretch contracted medial & posterior tissues + splinting
35
Q

tibial torsion

A

> 16-18m = tx w/ ext splint

36
Q

femoral anteversion

A

MC cause of toeing in after 2-3yrs

–usually resolves on its own

37
Q

word comprehension @

A

9m

38
Q

babbling @

A

12m

39
Q

270 words & commands @

A

2 years

40
Q

1600 words & intelligible speech & <5 word sentences @

A

4 years

pediatrics (4 decks)

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