Study unit 12: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

define sustainable developmental its its implications

Answer 1

“Sustainable development is development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs” (World Commission on Environment and
Development 1987:43).
Encapsulated in this definition are two key concepts:
• the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world’s poor, to which
overriding priority should be given; and
• the idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organisation on
the ability of the environment to meet present and future needs.

Question 2

provide some goals for sustainable development

Answer 2

• revive growth;
• change the quality of growth;
• conserve and enhance the resource base;
• ensure a sustainable population level;
• reorient technology and manage risk;
• integrate environment and economics in decisionmaking;
• reform international economic relations;
• strengthen international cooperation (World Commission on Environment and
Development 1987: 4–5)

Question 3

what is globalisation

Answer 3

generally refers to the
worldwide spread of networks of modern technologies and communication of all kinds
– trade, capital, production, information and money – regardless of frontiers. Some
scholars also point to a decline of the nation-state and the rise of transnational structures
of governance, while others emphasise the cultural overtones of globalisation, cultural
homogenisation and hegemonic consumer culture that erode “traditional values

Question 4

how does gloabalisation influence sustainable development

Answer 4

Globalisation therefore influences sustainable development with regard to issues of
scale, inequities of labour and other costs and benefits, a skewed market for agricultural
products, and environmental justice

Question 5

how does the conservationist gifford pinchot define consevation

Answer 5

conservationist Gifford Pinchot defined “conservation” as
the opposite of “waste”; to him it was not the same as “preservation”, which suggested
that human interference was entirely absent

Question 6

what was the goals of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Answer 6

the coordinated a
World Conservation Strategy that advocated a conservationist conception of sustainable
development. This was primarily economic in focus, and was directed at maintaining
essential ecological processes and life support systems, preserving genetic diversity,
and ensuring the sustainable utilisation of species and ecosystems. It aimed to ensure
stocks of plants and animals, and clean air, water and soil for human use in the future.

Question 7

provide another definition for conservation

Answer 7

Conservation was defined as better management which would allow the
maximum benefits to be derived from living resources in order to continue their use in
the future.