study of child dev

Question 1

nature vs nurture

Answer 1

nature: our bio endowment; genes we receive from our parents
nurture: environment, both physical and social that influences our dev

Question 2

growth and change: continuity vs discontinuity

Answer 2

continuity: small changes that occur constantly
ex: age occurs gradually, in small investment
ex: pine tree

discontinuity: big step changes
ex: butterfly

Question 3

necessary measurements

Answer 3

reliability: independent measures of given behavior is consistent
validity: test measures what it’s supposed to

Question 4

research methodologies İnterview

Answer 4

structured: collect self-report and measures the same topic from everyone
clinical: useful for obtaining in-depth info about and indv. child

Question 5

research methods: observations

Answer 5

naturalistic: examine ongoing behaviour n environment (not controlled)
structured: present identical s,situations to each child ad record behaviour

Question 6

research methods: experimental design

Answer 6

• random assignment to grps
• experimental /control
• inference about cause and effect

Question 7

modern experimental techniques

Answer 7

infant looking: -eye tracking

                    - motion tracking
                     - fNİRS (functional near infrared spectroscopy)
                     - > measures brain flow for activity 
                     - EEG: (electroencephalogram) 
                     - > measures chemical brain activity

Question 8

longitudinal vs cross sectional

Answer 8

longitudinal design: same children studied 2 times or more in a given length of tine

• > reveals stability and change over time
• large investment of time and energy

cross sectional design: diff age children at same time

• > examines differences between different age grps
• uninformative about stability and change over time

Question 9

ethics

Answer 9

do not harm 
obtain informed consent
anonymity
discuss relevant info 
work on potential negative consequence
explain main findings