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Study hints exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

valium (diazepam)

A

treats seizures in progress (status epilepticus)

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2
Q

valium (diazepam) Side effects

A

most serious adverse effect is cardiovascular collapse; assess for hypotension (SBP drops 20 mm HG hold), tachycardia, and edema
assess for respiratory status depression

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3
Q

valium overdose treatment

A

flumazenil [romazicon]

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4
Q

never give valium within 14 days of

A

maois

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5
Q

dilantin (phenytoin)

A

anti seizure- treats all but absence seizures

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6
Q

dilantin therapeutic range

A

10-20 mcg/mL

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7
Q

s/sx of dilantin toxicity

A

nystagmus, confusion, ataxia, coma, seizures

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8
Q

which anti seizure med causes gingival hyperplasia

A

dilantin

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9
Q

what color is your pee on dilantin?

A

pinkish red to reddish brown

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10
Q

what do you report to HCP if on dilantin?

A

blood dyscrasia (fever, sore throat, nose bleeds, bruising, rash) or hepatoxicity (jaundice)

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11
Q

what affect does dilantin have for diabetes?

A

monitor serum glucose bc dilantin inhibits insulin release and so may cause hyperglycemia

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12
Q

What is the therapeutic range for valproic acid [depakote]?

A

50-100 mcg/mL

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13
Q

what are adverse effects of valproic acid [depakote]?

A

photosensitivity and pulmonary edema

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14
Q

what is overdose treatment for valproic acid [depakote]?

A

naloxone [narcan]

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15
Q

what can lower serum drug levels of depakote?

A

hemodialysis

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16
Q

how do you treat a od of tegretol [carbamezepine] for anit seizure?

A

activated charcoal with gastric lavage

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17
Q

what is adverse effect with tegretol [carbamezepine]?

A

stevens johnsons syndrome (fever, sore throat, and fatigue)

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18
Q

treat myanthenia gravis with

A

reganol; anticholinesterase

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19
Q

reganol toxicity

A

severe cholinergic reaction-give atropine

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20
Q

reganol and food

A

give with foods to ENHANCE absorption and decrease GI upset

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21
Q

how to diagnose myanthenia gravis

A

tensilon test (edrophonium)

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22
Q

Parkinsons Disease

A

levodopa and carbidopa (SInemet) dopamine agonist

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23
Q

levodopa treats well

A

tremors, bradykinesia, gait and muscle rigidity

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24
Q

urine and perspiration may darken with which med?

A

simemet (levodopa and carbidopa)

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25
which med do you avoid foods high in pyridoxine (vit B6) such as beef, liver, pork, ham, egg yolks, whole-grain or fortified cereals, or multivitamins bc they decrease the effects?
Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa
26
which drug cant be taken with food/bevs high in protein
Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa
27
which drugs whould you keep a food journal to assist HCP with dosage?
Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa
28
Which drug may take months for full therapeutic effects to take place?
Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa
29
what is another drug besides Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa to treat PD?
Mirapex (dopamine replacement) pramipexole
30
which PD drug causes EPS?
mirapex [treat with cogentin]
31
what is an anticholinergic agent that treats PD and EPS caused by PD meds?
benztropine [cogentin]
32
what is dose of cogentin
0.5-1 mg at bedtime; increase by .5 mg q 5-6 days; max 6mg/day
33
which anti PD med must you be careful in hot weather?
cogentin
34
which drug treats alzheimers
aricept [donepezil] reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that causes elevated ach levels in the cortex, which slows the neuronal degradation of alzheimers disease
35
which med do you monitor for suicide?
aricept for alzheimers
36
what does interferon beta 1a betaseron treat?
Multiple sclerosis
37
which MS drug do you handle with gloves gown, and goggles and clean spills with calcium hydrochlorite?
mitoxantrone [novatrone]
38
which muscle relaxants are used to treat MS?
Baclofen [lioresal] dantrolene [dantrium] diazepam [valium]
39
What durg treats ALS
Riluzole [rilutek]
40
what special consideration for Rilutek for ALS?
avoid high fat meals immediately before or after administration
41
baclofen [lioresal] for als
treats muscle spasms
42
wha do you assess for with lidocaine and bronchoscopy
gag reflex
43
which anesthetic is useful for young patients?
ketamine/ketalar
44
why use EPI with lidocaine for local anesthesia
epi causes vasoconstriction and prolongs the effects of local anesthesia, but dont use it on the ends of body areas or necrosis may happen. Toxic if applied to open skin or mucous membranes can prolong labor by depressing uterine contractions
45
Malignant hyperthermia
``` inhalation agents (except nitrous oxide) with succinylcholine unexplained tachycardia, jaw muscle spasms and rigidity, dramtic increased temp, rhabdomyolysis indicated by cola colored urine, dysrhythmias, potential death ```
46
carbamezepine [tegretol] od
activated charcoal and gastric lavage
47
opioids od
narcan, trexan
48
digoxin od
digibind
49
tylenol od
mucamyst
50
Cox2 adverse effects
celebrex increases risk for MI, CVA, HTN, and preipheral edema stevens johnson syndrome
51
Cox 2 treat what?
NSAIDS but with no risk for platelet aggregation
52
adverse effects of asa
gi bleed, reyes syndrome, tinnitus, toxicity [>200mcg/mL] | caution vit K deficiency and pts with asthma-hypersensitivity: bronchospasm, laryngeal edema and anaphylaxis
53
adverse effects of tylenol
hepatotoxic >2g/24h | not anti inflammatory
54
signs of opioid od
cold clammy skin, drowsy, dizzy, restless, confused, miosis (pinpoint pupils) decreased HR, BP, RR
55
PUD lifestyle treatment
decrease use of NSAIDS, ASA, corticosteriods
56
PUD pharmacology
antacids, h2 blockers, PPIs, antibiotics, cytotec, carafate
57
H2 antagonist administration
with food or one hour before antacid ranitidine [zantac] cimetidine
58
carafate administration
before meals
59
cytotec administration
with meals
60
PPI administration
before meals
61
antacids administration
after meals
62
what does cytotec treat
PUD assoc with long term use of NSAIDS or steriods | may cause spontaneous abortion
63
REglan and Zofran treat
n/v associ with chemo
64
Aluminum toxicity
caution use with renally impaired--> aluminum toxicity | carafate
65
H. pylori treatment
pepto, flagyl, amox, tetra
66
EPS symptoms with which meds?
reglan, compazine (antiemetics)
67
which med has anticholinergic effects? reduce gastric motility
gastrozepine [perenzepine]
68
which med dissolves gall stones
ursiodol-actigall
69
which med prevents gall stones
chenex
70
which meds interfere with fat soluble vitamin absorption
lubricant laxative-mineral oil
71
besides fat soluble vit absorption, what else is negatively absorbed when taking lubricant laxatives such as mineral oil?
anticoagulants
72
who gets pancreatic enzymes
those with pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and steatorrhea
73
what is patient teaching for pancreatic enzymes
pork allergy iron antacids
74
PPIs
prazoles' suppress secretion of HCL IRREVERSIBLY treat short term gastric ulcers, active PUD and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, GERD give at bedtime
75
H2 blockers
tidines; prevent release of Hcl in response to gastrin; | treat PUD, GERD, reflux, esophagitis, prevent stress ulcers
76
Use of antacid in renal disease
prevent hyperphosphatemia in renal failure muscle cramps, tetany phoslo [calcium acetate], tricalcium phosphate, TUM [calcium carbonate] CRF phosphorus levels
77
Lactulose for GI and hepatic d/o
treat constipation | decrease ammonia production and absorption with liver disease
78
Monitor electrolytes with which meds
antacids, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, stimulants
79
antiflatulent
simethicone
80
most commonly used absorbant drug
activated charcoal
81
use of lomotil
decrease peristalsis in the intestines (antidiarrhea) | can enhance depressant effects of barbituates, alcohol, narcotics and sedatives
82
lomotil se
dizziness, lethargy, anticholinergic effect in high doses, additive effects with CNS depressants
83
sulfasalazine [azulfidine]
antiinflammorty med for IBS | iron replacement for bleeding and folate replacement
84
what med can be used with viagra
ranolazine [ranexa]

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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