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Pharmacology > Study hints exam 3 > Flashcards

Study hints exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

valium (diazepam)

A

treats seizures in progress (status epilepticus)

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2
Q

valium (diazepam) Side effects

A

most serious adverse effect is cardiovascular collapse; assess for hypotension (SBP drops 20 mm HG hold), tachycardia, and edema
assess for respiratory status depression

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3
Q

valium overdose treatment

A

flumazenil [romazicon]

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4
Q

never give valium within 14 days of

A

maois

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5
Q

dilantin (phenytoin)

A

anti seizure- treats all but absence seizures

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6
Q

dilantin therapeutic range

A

10-20 mcg/mL

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7
Q

s/sx of dilantin toxicity

A

nystagmus, confusion, ataxia, coma, seizures

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8
Q

which anti seizure med causes gingival hyperplasia

A

dilantin

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9
Q

what color is your pee on dilantin?

A

pinkish red to reddish brown

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10
Q

what do you report to HCP if on dilantin?

A

blood dyscrasia (fever, sore throat, nose bleeds, bruising, rash) or hepatoxicity (jaundice)

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11
Q

what affect does dilantin have for diabetes?

A

monitor serum glucose bc dilantin inhibits insulin release and so may cause hyperglycemia

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12
Q

What is the therapeutic range for valproic acid [depakote]?

A

50-100 mcg/mL

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13
Q

what are adverse effects of valproic acid [depakote]?

A

photosensitivity and pulmonary edema

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14
Q

what is overdose treatment for valproic acid [depakote]?

A

naloxone [narcan]

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15
Q

what can lower serum drug levels of depakote?

A

hemodialysis

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16
Q

how do you treat a od of tegretol [carbamezepine] for anit seizure?

A

activated charcoal with gastric lavage

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17
Q

what is adverse effect with tegretol [carbamezepine]?

A

stevens johnsons syndrome (fever, sore throat, and fatigue)

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18
Q

treat myanthenia gravis with

A

reganol; anticholinesterase

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19
Q

reganol toxicity

A

severe cholinergic reaction-give atropine

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20
Q

reganol and food

A

give with foods to ENHANCE absorption and decrease GI upset

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21
Q

how to diagnose myanthenia gravis

A

tensilon test (edrophonium)

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22
Q

Parkinsons Disease

A

levodopa and carbidopa (SInemet) dopamine agonist

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23
Q

levodopa treats well

A

tremors, bradykinesia, gait and muscle rigidity

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24
Q

urine and perspiration may darken with which med?

A

simemet (levodopa and carbidopa)

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25
Q

which med do you avoid foods high in pyridoxine (vit B6) such as beef, liver, pork, ham, egg yolks, whole-grain or fortified cereals, or multivitamins bc they decrease the effects?

A

Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa

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26
Q

which drug cant be taken with food/bevs high in protein

A

Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa

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27
Q

which drugs whould you keep a food journal to assist HCP with dosage?

A

Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa

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28
Q

Which drug may take months for full therapeutic effects to take place?

A

Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa

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29
Q

what is another drug besides Sinemet (PD drug) levodopa/carbidopa to treat PD?

A

Mirapex (dopamine replacement) pramipexole

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30
Q

which PD drug causes EPS?

A

mirapex [treat with cogentin]

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31
Q

what is an anticholinergic agent that treats PD and EPS caused by PD meds?

A

benztropine [cogentin]

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32
Q

what is dose of cogentin

A

0.5-1 mg at bedtime; increase by .5 mg q 5-6 days; max 6mg/day

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33
Q

which anti PD med must you be careful in hot weather?

A

cogentin

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34
Q

which drug treats alzheimers

A

aricept [donepezil] reversible cholinesterase inhibitor that causes elevated ach levels in the cortex, which slows the neuronal degradation of alzheimers disease

35
Q

which med do you monitor for suicide?

A

aricept for alzheimers

36
Q

what does interferon beta 1a betaseron treat?

A

Multiple sclerosis

37
Q

which MS drug do you handle with gloves gown, and goggles and clean spills with calcium hydrochlorite?

A

mitoxantrone [novatrone]

38
Q

which muscle relaxants are used to treat MS?

A

Baclofen [lioresal] dantrolene [dantrium] diazepam [valium]

39
Q

What durg treats ALS

A

Riluzole [rilutek]

40
Q

what special consideration for Rilutek for ALS?

A

avoid high fat meals immediately before or after administration

41
Q

baclofen [lioresal] for als

A

treats muscle spasms

42
Q

wha do you assess for with lidocaine and bronchoscopy

A

gag reflex

43
Q

which anesthetic is useful for young patients?

A

ketamine/ketalar

44
Q

why use EPI with lidocaine for local anesthesia

A

epi causes vasoconstriction and prolongs the effects of local anesthesia, but dont use it on the ends of body areas or necrosis may happen. Toxic if applied to open skin or mucous membranes
can prolong labor by depressing uterine contractions

45
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A 
inhalation agents (except nitrous oxide) with succinylcholine
unexplained tachycardia, jaw muscle spasms and rigidity, dramtic increased temp, rhabdomyolysis indicated by cola colored urine, dysrhythmias, potential death
46
Q

carbamezepine [tegretol] od

A

activated charcoal and gastric lavage

47
Q

opioids od

A

narcan, trexan

48
Q

digoxin od

A

digibind

49
Q

tylenol od

A

mucamyst

50
Q

Cox2 adverse effects

A

celebrex increases risk for MI, CVA, HTN, and preipheral edema
stevens johnson syndrome

51
Q

Cox 2 treat what?

A

NSAIDS but with no risk for platelet aggregation

52
Q

adverse effects of asa

A

gi bleed, reyes syndrome, tinnitus, toxicity [>200mcg/mL]

caution vit K deficiency and pts with asthma-hypersensitivity: bronchospasm, laryngeal edema and anaphylaxis

53
Q

adverse effects of tylenol

A

hepatotoxic >2g/24h

not anti inflammatory

54
Q

signs of opioid od

A

cold clammy skin, drowsy, dizzy, restless, confused, miosis (pinpoint pupils) decreased HR, BP, RR

55
Q

PUD lifestyle treatment

A

decrease use of NSAIDS, ASA, corticosteriods

56
Q

PUD pharmacology

A

antacids, h2 blockers, PPIs, antibiotics, cytotec, carafate

57
Q

H2 antagonist administration

A

with food or one hour before antacid
ranitidine [zantac]
cimetidine

58
Q

carafate administration

A

before meals

59
Q

cytotec administration

A

with meals

60
Q

PPI administration

A

before meals

61
Q

antacids administration

A

after meals

62
Q

what does cytotec treat

A

PUD assoc with long term use of NSAIDS or steriods

may cause spontaneous abortion

63
Q

REglan and Zofran treat

A

n/v associ with chemo

64
Q

Aluminum toxicity

A

caution use with renally impaired–> aluminum toxicity

carafate

65
Q

H. pylori treatment

A

pepto, flagyl, amox, tetra

66
Q

EPS symptoms with which meds?

A

reglan, compazine (antiemetics)

67
Q

which med has anticholinergic effects? reduce gastric motility

A

gastrozepine [perenzepine]

68
Q

which med dissolves gall stones

A

ursiodol-actigall

69
Q

which med prevents gall stones

A

chenex

70
Q

which meds interfere with fat soluble vitamin absorption

A

lubricant laxative-mineral oil

71
Q

besides fat soluble vit absorption, what else is negatively absorbed when taking lubricant laxatives such as mineral oil?

A

anticoagulants

72
Q

who gets pancreatic enzymes

A

those with pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, and steatorrhea

73
Q

what is patient teaching for pancreatic enzymes

A

pork allergy
iron
antacids

74
Q

PPIs

A

prazoles’ suppress secretion of HCL IRREVERSIBLY
treat short term gastric ulcers, active PUD and duodenal ulcers, erosive esophagitis, GERD
give at bedtime

75
Q

H2 blockers

A

tidines; prevent release of Hcl in response to gastrin;

treat PUD, GERD, reflux, esophagitis, prevent stress ulcers

76
Q

Use of antacid in renal disease

A

prevent hyperphosphatemia in renal failure
muscle cramps, tetany
phoslo [calcium acetate], tricalcium phosphate, TUM [calcium carbonate] CRF phosphorus levels

77
Q

Lactulose for GI and hepatic d/o

A

treat constipation

decrease ammonia production and absorption with liver disease

78
Q

Monitor electrolytes with which meds

A

antacids, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, stimulants

79
Q

antiflatulent

A

simethicone

80
Q

most commonly used absorbant drug

A

activated charcoal

81
Q

use of lomotil

A

decrease peristalsis in the intestines (antidiarrhea)

can enhance depressant effects of barbituates, alcohol, narcotics and sedatives

82
Q

lomotil se

A

dizziness, lethargy, anticholinergic effect in high doses, additive effects with CNS depressants

83
Q

sulfasalazine [azulfidine]

A

antiinflammorty med for IBS

iron replacement for bleeding and folate replacement

84
Q

what med can be used with viagra

A

ranolazine [ranexa]

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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