Exam 3 Flashcards
Antidysrhythmics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, itraconazole
negative inotropes and may worsen HF
cyclophosphamide (Cytoxin), daunorubicin (cerubidine), doxorubicin (adriamycin)
cardiotoxic and may worsen HF
androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, NSAIDS, rosiglitazone (Avandia), pioglitazone (Actos)
drugs that cause increased blood volume and may worsen HF
6 mechanisms of action against HF
adrenergic blockers cardiac glycosides phophodiesterase inhibitors vasodilators ACEI and ARBs Diuretics
adrenergic blockers
treat HF by decreasing cardiac workload by slowing HR (B1) and decreasing BP (A1)
Carvedilol
Cardiac Glycosides
treat HF by increasing cardiac output by increasing the force of myocardial contraction
Digoxin
Phophodiesterase inhibitors
treat HF by increasing CO by increasing force of myocardial contraction
Milrinone
Carvedilol
adrenergic blocker-treats HF
Digoxin
cardiac glycoside treats HF
milrinone
phophodiesterase inhibitor treats HF
vasodilators
treat HF by decreasing cardiac workload by dilating vessels and reducing preload
isosorbide dinitrate with hydralazine
ACEI and ARBs
treat HF by increasing CO by lowering BP and decreasing blood volume
lisinopril
Diurectics
treat HF by increasing CO by reducing fluid volume and decreasing blood pressure
furosemide
isosorbide dinitrate with hydralazine
vasodilator to treat HF by decreasing cardiac workload by dilating vessels and reducing preload
lisinopril
ACEI or ARB that treats HF by increasing CO by lowering BP and decreasing blood volume
furosemide
diuretic that treats HF by decreasing fluid volume and BP to increase CO
nitrates aspirin clot-preventing drugs beta blockers statins Calcium channel blockers
drugs to manage angina pectoris
Nitroglycerin
dilates veins and arteries
decrease myocardial workload
decrease preload (pooling of blood in periphery)
decrease myocardial ischemia to prevent vasospasm and dilates coronary arteries to increase perfusion
can be used for prevention of treatment
action of nitroglycerin
inactivate myosin and permissive vasodilation or relaxation of vessel tone occurs
Nitrates side effects/teaching
orthostatic hypotension
headaches, dizziness, vertigo, flushing, sweating
with the onset of angina, sit down and place on NTG tab under the tonge and wait 3-5 mins. If the angina has not subsided, take another tablet sublingually and wait 3-5 mins. If the angina has not subsided, take a third tablet and call 911 for help. Notify physician immediately.
Metoprolol, labetalol, propanolol
beta blockers for treatment of stable angina prevention
IV or PO
decrease HR, BP, contractility
cardioprotective
afterload of heart is reduced due to vasodilation
perfusion is improved through the coronaries bc of vasodilation and prolonged diastole
the heart can experience a greater Ejection Fraction due to prolonged diastolic filling time
Calcium Channel Blockers
diltiazem (Cardizem)
verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)
nifedipine (procardia, Adalat)
PO
Action of CCBs
decrease SA node automaticity and AV conduction to decrease HR and myocardial contractility
Decrease HR, BP, cause vasodilation, decrease preload and afterload, decrease myocardial oxygen needs
side effects of CCbs
Cardiovascular-hypotension, palpitations, and tachycardia
GI-constipation and nausea
Other-rash, flushing, and peripheral edema