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NEUR 356 > Study Guide: Structure and Organization of the PNS > Flashcards

Study Guide: Structure and Organization of the PNS Flashcards

1
Q

The PNS includes :

A

All nervous structures outside the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

The PNS functions to:

A

Relay information between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body

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3
Q

Two major communication systems of the PNS:

A

(1) Nervous system (fast targeted responses via electrical signals)
(2) Endocrine system (slower, widespread effect via hormones)

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4
Q

Components of the PNS:

A

(1) Nerves
(2) Ganglia
(3) Plexuses

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5
Q

Components of the PNS: Nerves:

A

Bundles of nerve fibers (axons) carrying sensory (Afferent) or motor (Efferent) signals

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6
Q

Components of the CNS: Ganglia:

A

Clusters of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

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7
Q

Sensory ganglia transmit:

A

Sensory information

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8
Q

Autonomic ganglia:

A

Include sympathetic (near spinal cord) and parasympathetic (near target organs)

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9
Q

Components of the PNS: Plexuses:

A

Network of interwoven nerve fibers

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10
Q

Spinal nerve plexuses (5):

A

(1) cervical
(2) brachial
(3) lumbar
(4) sacral
(5) Coccygeal

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11
Q

Autonomic Plexuses (3):

A

(1) Cardiac
(2) Celiac
(3) Pelvic

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12
Q

How is the PNS divided (2):

A

(1) Somatic nervous system
(2) Autonomic nervous system (A. Sympathetic, B. Parasympathetic, C. Enteric)

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13
Q

Somatic Nervous System (SNS):

A

Voluntary control over skeletal muscles, sensory input from external stimuli

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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system (ANS):

A

Involuntary control over glands and internal organs

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15
Q

Sympathetic nervous system (SNS):

A

fight or flight response

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16
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system:

A

“rest and digest” response

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17
Q

Enteric nervous system (ENS):

A

Regulates gastrointestinal activity

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18
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs do humans have?

A

31 pairs

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19
Q

How many spinal nerves do rodents have?

A

33

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20
Q

Spinal nerves function:

A

Connect the spinal cord to the body

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21
Q

Each spinal nerve has

A

dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots

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22
Q

spinal nerves form:

A

dermatomes, supplying specific skin areas

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23
Q

How many cranial nerves do we have?

A

12 pairs

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24
Q

The 12 cranial nerves connect directly to:

A

the brain

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25
Q

What are the purely sensory cranial nerves:

A

I, II, VIII

1,2,8

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26
Q

What are the purely motor nerves?

A

III, IV, VI, XII

3,4,6,12

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27
Q

What are the mixed cranial nerves ?

A

V, VII, IX, X

5,7,9,10

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28
Q

The ANS consists of :

A

a two-neuron chain:
o Preganglionic neuron originates in CNS.
o Postganglionic neuron synapses on target tissue.

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29
Q

Preganglionic neuron originates in:

A

CNS

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30
Q

Postganglioninc neuron synapses on:

A

Target tissue

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31
Q

Sympathetic nervous system origin:

A

thoracolumbar origin (T1-L3)

32
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System: length preganglionic / post ganglionic

A

Short preganglionic
Long postganglionic

33
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System origin :

A

Craniosacral origin (CN III, VII, IX, X; S2-S4).

34
Q

sympathetic nervous system uses __ at target tissues

A

norepinephrine

35
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System: uses _ at target tissues

A

acetylcholine

36
Q

Enteric Nervous System (ENS):

A

Independent control over digestion

37
Q
  • Enteric Nervous System (ENS): Independent control over digestion via
A

myenteric and submucosal plexuses.

38
Q

Herniated discs

A

Compression of spinal nerves leading to pain and weakness.

39
Q

Shingles:

A

Viral infection affecting dorsal root ganglia, causing dermatome-specific rashes.

40
Q

Brachial Plexus (C5-T1) → Controls

A

the upper limb

41
Q

Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4) → Controls

A

the anterior thigh

42
Q

Sacral Plexus (L4-S4) → Controls

A

the posterior thigh and lower leg

43
Q

Coccygeal Plexus (S4-Co1) → Innervates

A

the skin over the coccyx

44
Q

sciatic nerve is found in which plexus?

A

Lumbar
L3-L5

45
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a component of the PNS?
    A) Nerves
    B) Ganglia
    C) Spinal cord
    D) Plexuses
A

C) Spinal cord

46
Q
  1. The autonomic nervous system is responsible for which of the following?
    A) Voluntary movement
    B) Skeletal reflexes such as the knee-jerk reflex
    C) Involuntary regulation of internal organs
    D) Sensory processing in the cortex
A

C) Involuntary regulation of internal organs

47
Q
  1. Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression?
    A) Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)
    B) Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)
    C) Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)
    D) Cranial Nerve X (Vagus)
A

B) Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

48
Q
  1. What is the function of the dorsal root of a spinal nerve?
    A) Motor output
    B) Sensory input
    C) Autonomic regulation
    D) Reflex coordination
A

B) Sensory input

49
Q
  1. The enteric nervous system primarily controls:
    A) Heart rate
    B) Blood pressure
    C) Digestive processes
    D) Voluntary muscle movement
A

Digestive processes

50
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about spinal nerves is TRUE?
    A) They all contain only motor fibers.
    B) They all contain only sensory fibers.
    C) They contain both sensory and motor fibers.
    D) They are only found in the cervical region.
A

C) They contain both sensory and motor fibers

51
Q
  1. The sympathetic nervous system is most active during:
    A) Digestion
    B) Sleep
    C) “Fight or flight” responses
    D) Resting states
A

C) “Fight or flight” responses

52
Q
  1. Which neurotransmitter is used by postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?
    A) Dopamine
    B) Norepinephrine
    C) Acetylcholine
    D) Glutamate
A

C) Acetylcholine

53
Q
  1. Which of the following cranial nerves is purely sensory?
    A) Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)
    B) Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)
    C) Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear)
    D) Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal)
A

C) Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

54
Q
  1. The brachial plexus supplies nerves to the:
    A) Head
    B) Abdomen
    C) Upper limbs
    D) Lower limbs
A

C) Upper limbs

55
Q
  1. The ventral root of a spinal nerve carries:
    A) Sensory input
    B) Motor output
    C) Both sensory and motor signals
    D) Autonomic ganglia
A

B) Motor output

56
Q
  1. Damage to the vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X) would most likely affect:
    A) Vision
    B) Balance
    C) Heart rate and digestion
    D) Facial expressions
A

C) Heart rate and digestion

57
Q
  1. The sciatic nerve originates from which plexus?
    A) Brachial
    B) Cervical
    C) Lumbar
    D) Sacral
58
Q
  1. The parasympathetic division of the ANS is also known as the:
    A) Thoracolumbar division
    B) Craniosacral division
    C) Enteric division
    D) Somatic division
A

B) Craniosacral division

59
Q
  1. What type of neurons are found in the dorsal root ganglia?
    A) Motor neurons
    B) Sensory neurons
    C) Interneurons
    D) Autonomic neurons
A

B) Sensory neurons

60
Q
  1. The enteric nervous system is primarily responsible for regulating:
    A) The heartbeat
    B) Blood pressure
    C) Gastrointestinal function
    D) Breathing rate
A

C) Gastrointestinal function

61
Q
  1. Which of the following describes a mixed nerve?
    A) A nerve that carries only sensory signals
    B) A nerve that carries only motor signals
    C) A nerve that carries both sensory and motor signals
    D) A nerve that is found only in the brainstem
A

C) A nerve that carries both sensory and motor signals

62
Q
  1. The function of autonomic ganglia is to:
    A) Process skeletal reflexes such as the knee-jerk reflex
    B) Relay signals from the CNS to peripheral organs
    C) Generate voluntary movements
    D) Transmit sensory information to the brain
A

B) Relay signals from the CNS to peripheral organs

63
Q
  1. Which division of the PNS controls voluntary skeletal muscle movements?
    A) Autonomic Nervous System
    B) Somatic Nervous System
    C) Enteric Nervous System
    D) Sympathetic Nervous System
A

B) Somatic Nervous System

64
Q
  1. The sympathetic nervous system is primarily responsible for which response?
    A) Rest and digest
    B) Fight or flight
    C) Reflexes
    D) Homeostatic balance
A

B) Fight or flight

65
Q
  1. How many spinal nerve pairs do humans have?
    A) 12
    B) 24
    C) 31
    D) 33
66
Q
  1. Which type of neuron has their cell bodies in autonomic ganglia?
    A) Sensory neuron
    B) Preganglionic neuron
    C) Interneuron
    D) Postganglionic neuron
A

D) Postganglionic neuron

67
Q
  1. Which neurotransmitter is released by postganglionic sympathetic neurons?
    A) Acetylcholine
    B) Glutamate
    C) Dopamine
    D) Norepinephrine
A

D) Norepinephrine

68
Q
  1. The vagus nerve (Cranial Nerve X) is primarily involved in:
    A) Eye movement
    B) Facial expression
    C) Parasympathetic regulation of the heart and digestion
    D) Hearing and balance
A

Parasympathetic regulation of the heart and digestion

69
Q
  1. Which of the following describes the structure of the autonomic nervous system?
    A) Single neuron from CNS to target
    B) Two-neuron chain with a synapse in a ganglion
    C) Sensory neuron directly connecting to CNS
    D) Motor neuron directly controlling glands
A

Two-neuron chain with a synapse in a ganglion

70
Q
  1. Which cranial nerve is purely sensory?
    A) Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor)
    B) Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal)
    C) Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)
    D) Cranial Nerve II (Optic)
A

D) Cranial Nerve II (Optic)

71
Q
  1. Which nerve is responsible for the sensation of touch in the face?
    A) Facial nerve
    B) Trigeminal nerve
    C) Hypoglossal nerve
    D) Vagus nerve
A

B) Trigeminal nerve

72
Q
  1. Which structure carries motor signals from the spinal cord to skeletal (striated) muscles?
    A) Dorsal root
    B) Ventral root
    C) Dorsal horn
    D) Thalamus
A

B) Ventral root

73
Q
  1. A dermatome is best described as:
    A) A motor neuron connecting to a muscle
    B) A region of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve
    C) A cluster of interneurons in the spinal cord
    D) A type of autonomic ganglion
A

B) A region of skin supplied by a specific spinal nerve

74
Q
  1. Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
    A) Increasing heart rate
    B) Dilating pupils
    C) Stimulating digestion
    D) Triggering sweating
A

C) Stimulating digestion

75
Q
  1. The thoracolumbar division refers to which autonomic subdivision?
    A) Sympathetic
    B) Parasympathetic
    C) Enteric
    D) Somatic
A

A) Sympathetic

76
Q
  1. Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement?
    A) Cranial Nerve II (optic)
    B) Cranial Nerve III (oculomotor)
    C) Cranial Nerve VII (facial)
    D) Cranial Nerve XII (hypoglossal
A

B) Cranial Nerve III (oculomotor)

NEUR 356 (9 decks)

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