Lecture 1: Flashcards
Central Nervous System (CNS):
Brain and spinal cord
Understanding brain STRUCTURE is fundamental to :
understanding brain FUNCTION
Research areas include in which neuroanatomy is relevant
include:
(1) Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience
(2) Neurological diseases
(3) Mental health disorders
(4) Behavioral science
Connection between structure and function: How brain
architecture supports
cognition, behavior, and emotion.
Neuroanatomy:
The study of the
structure and organization of the
nervous system, including the
brain, spinal cord, and peripheral
nerves and ganglia.
Neuroanatomy is an __ field
Interdisciplinary
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
Nerves outside the CNS
Functional Neuroanatomy:
Mapping brain areas that support specific functions.
Developmental Neuroanatomy:
Study of brain development from embryonic stages to adulthood.
Comparative/Evolutionary Neuroanatomy:
Study of brain evolution, comparing brain of different species to understand relationships
Histology
Studying brain tissue under a microscope.
MRI and fMRI:
Imaging brain structure and activity
Lesion studies (causal manipulation studies):
Studying the effects of brain damage
Electrophysiology:
Measuring electrical activity in brain regions.
Genetic tools:
Understanding brain development and disease.
Neuroanatomy provides the foundation for understanding:
brain-behavior relationships
Neurophysiology:
How neural circuits function
Neurochemistry:
The role of neurotransmitters and hormones
Neuropharmacology:
How drugs affect brain structure and function.
Neuroplasticity
How the brain’s structure changes with experience.
Neurological disorders (3):
(1) Alzheimer’s
(2) Parkinson’s
(3) multiple sclerosis.
Psychiatric disorders (3):
(1) Schizophrenia
(2) depression
(3) autism
clinical applications: Brain injuries and rehabilitation
Studying brain recovery after trauma.
clinical applications : Brain mapping:
Enhancing treatments with detailed understanding of functional regions.
what are two challenges in regards to neuroanatomy?
(1) complexity: The brain’s complexity makes research difficult
(2) Individual differences: Variability in brain structure between individuals
Technological advancements:
New imaging techniques, genetic tools, and computational models.
Personalized medicine:
The future of brain research in treating individual
differences in brain disorders.
Neuroanatomy is a foundational field that focuses on
the STRUCTURE of the nervous system.
neuroanatomy is crucial for:
for linking STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION (understanding cognition, behavior, and diseases)
CNS is comprised of:
Brain (Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem)
Spinal Cord
The brachial plexus is:
The group of nerves that sends signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand
The four terminal branches of the plexus are:
(1) Musculocutaneous
(2) Radial
(3) Median
(4) Ulnar
What is a plexus?
A network of nerves or blood vessels in the body
The PNS includes:
includes all nervous structures outside the brain and spinal cord
The PNS functions to:
Relay information between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body
Two major communication systems of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
(1) Nervous System
(2) Endocrine System
Nervous system as a communication system for the PNS:
Fast - targeted responses via electrical signals
Endocrine system as a communication system for the PNS:
Slower, widespread effects via hormones
Thoracoabdominal nerves:
(1) Intercostals
(2) Subcostal
(3) Iliohypogastric
(4) Ilioinguinal
(5) Lateral cutaneous of thigh
(6) Genitofemoral
Lumbar Plexus Nerves:
(1) Obturator
(2) Femoral
(3) Muscular Branches of Femoral
(4) Saphenous
Sacral Plexus nerves:
(1) Sciatic
(2) Tibial
(3) Common peroneal
(4) Deep peroneal
(5) Superficial peroneal
(6) Sural
