Lecture 1:

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS):

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Understanding brain STRUCTURE is fundamental to :

Answer 2

understanding brain FUNCTION

Question 3

Research areas include in which neuroanatomy is relevant
include:

Answer 3

(1) Behavioral and cognitive neuroscience
(2) Neurological diseases
(3) Mental health disorders
(4) Behavioral science

Question 4

Connection between structure and function: How brain
architecture supports

Answer 4

cognition, behavior, and emotion.

Question 5

Neuroanatomy:

Answer 5

The study of the
structure and organization of the
nervous system, including the
brain, spinal cord, and peripheral
nerves and ganglia.

Question 6

Neuroanatomy is an __ field

Answer 6

Interdisciplinary

Question 7

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

Answer 7

Nerves outside the CNS

Question 8

Functional Neuroanatomy:

Answer 8

Mapping brain areas that support specific functions.

Question 9

Developmental Neuroanatomy:

Answer 9

Study of brain development from embryonic stages to adulthood.

Question 10

Comparative/Evolutionary Neuroanatomy:

Answer 10

Study of brain evolution, comparing brain of different species to understand relationships

Question 11

Histology

Answer 11

Studying brain tissue under a microscope.

Question 12

MRI and fMRI:

Answer 12

Imaging brain structure and activity

Question 13

Lesion studies (causal manipulation studies):

Answer 13

Studying the effects of brain damage

Question 14

Electrophysiology:

Answer 14

Measuring electrical activity in brain regions.

Question 15

Genetic tools:

Answer 15

Understanding brain development and disease.

Question 16

Neuroanatomy provides the foundation for understanding:

Answer 16

brain-behavior relationships

Question 17

Neurophysiology:

Answer 17

How neural circuits function

Question 18

Neurochemistry:

Answer 18

The role of neurotransmitters and hormones

Question 19

Neuropharmacology:

Answer 19

How drugs affect brain structure and function.

Question 20

Neuroplasticity

Answer 20

How the brain’s structure changes with experience.

Question 21

Neurological disorders (3):

Answer 21

(1) Alzheimer’s
(2) Parkinson’s
(3) multiple sclerosis.

Question 22

Psychiatric disorders (3):

Answer 22

(1) Schizophrenia
(2) depression
(3) autism

Question 23

clinical applications: Brain injuries and rehabilitation

Answer 23

Studying brain recovery after trauma.

Question 24

clinical applications : Brain mapping:

Answer 24

Enhancing treatments with detailed understanding of functional regions.

Question 25

what are two challenges in regards to neuroanatomy?

Answer 25

(1) complexity: The brain’s complexity makes research difficult (2) Individual differences: Variability in brain structure between individuals

Question 26

Technological advancements:

Answer 26

New imaging techniques, genetic tools, and computational models.

Question 27

Personalized medicine:

Answer 27

The future of brain research in treating individual differences in brain disorders.

Question 28

Neuroanatomy is a foundational field that focuses on

Answer 28

the STRUCTURE of the nervous system.

Question 29

neuroanatomy is crucial for:

Answer 29

for linking STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION (understanding cognition, behavior, and diseases)

Question 30

CNS is comprised of:

Answer 30

Brain (Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem) Spinal Cord

Question 31

The brachial plexus is:

Answer 31

The group of nerves that sends signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hand

Question 32

The four nerves of the brachial plexus are:

Answer 32

(1) Musculocutaneous (2) Radial (3) Median (4) Ulnar

Question 33

What is a plexus?

Answer 33

A network of nerves or blood vessels in the body

Question 34

The PNS includes:

Answer 34

includes all nervous structures outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 35

The PNS functions to:

Answer 35

Relay information between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body

Question 36

Two major communication systems of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 36

(1) Nervous System (2) Endocrine System

Question 37

Nervous system as a communication system for the PNS:

Answer 37

Fast - targeted responses via electrical signals

Question 38

Endocrine system as a communication system for the PNS:

Answer 38

Slower, widespread effects via hormones

Question 39

Thoracoabdominal nerves:

Answer 39

(1) Intercostals (2) Subcostal (3) Iliohypogastric (4) Ilioinguinal (5) Lateral cutaneous of thigh (6) Genitofemoral

Question 40

Lumbar Plexus Nerves:

Answer 40

(1) Obturator (2) Femoral (3) Muscular Branches of Femoral (4) Saphenous

Question 41

Sacral Plexus nerves:

Answer 41

(1) Sciatic (2) Tibial (3) Common peroneal (4) Deep peroneal (5) Superficial peroneal (6) Sural