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IP3 exam #2 > Study guide questions > Flashcards

Study guide questions Flashcards

1
Q

Time dependent Antibiotics

A

1) Beta lactams
2) Vancomycin
3) Macrolides
4) Tetracyclines

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2
Q

Concentration dependent Antibiotics

A

1) Fluoroquinolones
2) Metronidazole
3) Aminoglycosides
4) Daptomycin

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3
Q

Batericidal

A

1) Beta lactams
2) Vancomycin
3) Aminoglycosides
4) Oxazolidinones (strepto only)
5) Synercid
6) Fluoroquiolones

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4
Q

Bacteristatic

A

1) Tetracyclines
2) Oxazolidinones
3) Macrolides/Lincosamides

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5
Q

Penicillins (-cillin)

A
  • Penicillin G, V
  • Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
  • Amp/Sulb (Unasyn), Amox/Clav (Augmentin)
  • Nafcillin
  • Pip/Tazo (Zosyn)
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6
Q

Cephalosporins (-Cef)

A

1) Cefazolin, Cephalexin
2) Cefoxitin, Cefotetan
3) Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime
4) Cefepime
5) Ceftaroline

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7
Q

Monobactams (-nam)

A

-Aztreonam

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8
Q

Carbapenems (-penem)

A
  • Meropenem
  • Imipenem
  • Doripenem
  • Ertapenem
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9
Q

Glycopeptides

A

-Vancomycin

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10
Q

Macrolides (-thromycin)

A
  • Clarithromycin
  • Azithromycin
  • Erithromycin
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11
Q

Lincosamides

A

-Clindamycin

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12
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

-Gentamicin

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13
Q

Oxazolidiones (-zolid)

A
  • Linezolid

- Tedizolid

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14
Q

Tetracycline (-cycline)

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Minocycline
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15
Q

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Monobactams
  • Carbapenems
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16
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A
  • Macrolides
  • Lincosamides
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Oxazolidinones
  • Tetracyclines
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17
Q

Drugs that only cover gram positive

A
  • Penicillins

- Oxazolidiones

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18
Q

Drugs that only cover gram negative

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Azteronam
  • Ceftazidime
  • Cipro
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19
Q

Lincosamides (Clindamycin)

A
  • Covers B. frag

- Gram negative anaerob

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20
Q

Aminoglycosides with cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

-cover gram positive and negative!

21
Q

Drugs that cover MRSA

A

1) Ceftaroline
2) Vancomycin IV
3) Clindamycin
4) Oxazolidinoes
5) Tetracyclines

22
Q

Drugs that cover C. diff

A

1) Vancomycin PO

2) Metronidazole

23
Q

Drugs that cover B. frag

A

1) Unasyn
2) Augmentin
3) Zosyn
4) Cefoxitin/ cefotetan (2nd gen cephalosporins)
5) Clindamycin

24
Q

Drugs that cover P. aeruginosa

A

1) Zosyn
2) Ceftazidime
3) Cefepime
4) Aztreonam
5) Mero/Dori/Imipenem
6) Gentamicin

25
Q

Drugs that cover Atypicals

A

1) Macrolides

2) Tetracyclines

26
Q

Drugs excreted by the liver

A
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Clindamycin
  • Azithromycin
  • Nafcillin
  • Tigecycline
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Erythroycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Synercid
27
Q

Drugs that can cross the BBB

A
  • 3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins (IV)
  • Minocycline
  • Penicillin
28
Q

Beta lactam MoA

A
  • Covalently bind to transpeptidase

- Inhibiting cell wall formation

29
Q

Cephalosporin Coverage

A
  • No activity against enterococcus
  • 2nd gen covers B. frag
  • 3rd gen (ceftriaxone/ceftaxime) drug of choice for strep pneumo
  • Ceftazidime; no gram+ coverage, but does cover P. aerugnosa
  • Also is a strong beta lactamase inducer
  • 4th gen cefepime covers P. aeruginosa
  • 5th gen Ceftaroline covers MRSA
30
Q

What does Aztreonam cover

A
  • Aerobic gram negatives

- Including P. aeruginosa

31
Q

Carbapenems coverage

A
  • Gram positive, gram negative, and anaerobes
  • Works well on Enterobacter
  • Can cause seizures
32
Q

Gentamicin coverage

A
  • IMPROVES survival from gram negative sepsis

- Is an aminoglycoside

33
Q

Vancomycin coverage

A

-Gram positive

34
Q

Aminoglycoside + Vanco or beta lactam

A
  • Work synergistically

- Treats enterococcal endocarditis

35
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to 50s subunit

A

1) Macrolides
2) Lincosamides
3) Streptogramins
4) Oxazolidinones

36
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors that bind to 30s subunit

A

1) Aminoglycosides

2) Tetracyclines

37
Q

Aminoglycoside MoA

A
  • Works on 30s ribosome
  • Blocks the initiation complex formation
  • Stops proofreading and ribosomal translocation
  • Reversible
  • Bacteriostatic
38
Q

Macrolides and Lincosamides MoA

A
  • 50s ribosome
  • Blocks polypeptide exit tunnel
  • Reversible, bacteriostatic
39
Q

Streptogramin MoA

A
  • 50s ribosome
  • Inhibits elongation of protein
  • Interferes with polypeptide chain formation
  • Bactericidal
40
Q

Oxazolidinones MoA

A
  • Binds to 23s rRNA
  • Prevents ribosome assembly
  • Reversible, bacteriostatic
41
Q

Limitation of Aminoglycosides

A
  • To get into bug inner membrane they need oxygen
  • Useless against anaerobes
  • Only work on aerobic gram negative bugs
  • When combined with beta lactam or vanco gentamicin improves survival in aerobic gram negative sepsis
42
Q

Post antibiotic effect (PAE)

A

-Can be caused by aminoglycoside therapy

43
Q

Aminoglycoside Black box warnings

A
  • Nephrotoxicity

- Ototoxicity

44
Q

Tetracycline strength

A
  • Great for atypicals
    a) Doxycycline- CAP, MRSA
    b) Minocycline- P. acnes, meningitis, STDs, MRSA
45
Q

Azithromycin half life

A
  • 60hrs
  • Purely intracellular
  • Does NOT interact with P450s
  • Prolongs QT interval
46
Q

Clindamycin strengths

A
  • Active against gram+ and anaerobes

- Works on MRSA

47
Q

Clindamycin warning

A

-C. diff diarrhea

48
Q

Synercid treats what

A
  • Works on gram+ cocci except for E. faecalis

- VRE and MRSA

49
Q

Oxazolidenones (Zyvox) MoA

A
  • Protein synthesis inhibitor
  • Active agains gram+ bacteria only
  • Covers MRSA and E. faecium
  • Bacteriostatic except for streptococcus (bactericidal)

IP3 exam #2 (12 decks)

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