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IP3 exam #2 > Beta lactams > Flashcards

Beta lactams Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanism of Action

A
  • Covalently (irreversibly) bind to transpeptidase
  • Inhibiting cross linking
  • No cell wall = cell death
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2
Q

PK

A

time/MIC

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3
Q

Natural Penicillins

A
  • Penicillin G: given IV

- Penicillin V: given orally

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4
Q

Aminopenicillin

A
  • Give with probenecid to slow kidney excretion

- Give with a beta lactamase inhibitor to increase spectrum

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5
Q

Examples of Aminopenicillins

A
  • Ampicillin

- Amoxicillin

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6
Q

Beta lactamase inhibitors

A
  • Sulbactam
  • Clavulante
  • Tazobactam
  • Avibactam
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7
Q

Augmentin

A

-Amoxicillin + Calvulante

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8
Q

Unasyn

A

-Ampicillin + Sulbactam

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9
Q

Antistaphylococcal Penicillins

A
  • Resistant to beta lactamases

- Work against MSSA

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10
Q

Examples of Antistaphylococcal drugs

A
  • Oxacillin
  • Methicillin
  • Nafcillin
  • Dicloxacillin
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11
Q

Nafcillin Route of Excretion

A
  • Through the bile

- Be careful with hepatic portal hypertension (alcoholics)

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12
Q

Ureidopenicillins

A
  • Antipseudomonal

- Piperacillin can penetrate outer membrane of pseudomonas

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13
Q

Piperacillin

A

-Ureidopenicillin

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14
Q

Zosyn

A
  • Piperacillin + Tazobactam

- Gives gram +and - activity

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15
Q

Carbapenems

DIME

A
  • Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Have the broadest spectrum of
  • Gram + and -
  • Covers anaerobes
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16
Q

Doripenem

A

-Carbapenem

17
Q

Imipenem

A
  • Carbapenem
  • Strong inducer of some beta lactamases
  • Can cause seizures
18
Q

Meropenem

A

-Carbapenem

19
Q

Ertapenem

A
  • Invanz

- Carbapenem

20
Q

Primaxin

A

-Imipenem + Cilastatin

21
Q

Monobactams

A
  • Inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • Only active against gram negative bugs
  • Including P. aeruginosa
22
Q

Aztreonam

A
  • Monobactam antibiotic
  • Covers P. aeruginosa
  • Gram negative bugs only
23
Q

How do we make beta lactams

A
  • Biosynthetically (most common)

- Synthetically (rare)

24
Q

Transamidase inactivation

A

-Beta lactam forms an ester with transamidase

25
Q

Penicillins work best agains

A

-Rapidly growing bacteria

26
Q

Why do penicillins not work orally

A
  • They are unstable in acid

- Limits oral effectiveness

27
Q

What is the only beta lactam with ZERO cross reactivity

A

-Aztreonam

28
Q

What do beta lactamases do

A
  • Open up the beta lactam ring so that it cannot bind to the PBP
  • Abx is no longer effective
29
Q

How is acid resistance achieved

A
  • By limiting electron density on internal Oxygen nucleophile
  • Increase the number of NH3s
30
Q

What causes immune reactions from beta lactams

A

-Covalent binding to host proteins

IP3 exam #2 (12 decks)

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