Study Guide Questions

Question 1

The “mirror technique” is used to assess ____-concept in infants

Answer 1

Self

Question 2

All children are very nearsighted during which period of development?

Answer 2

Newborn

Question 3

______ of actions or behaviors as a child develops refers to the behaviors becoming more
specific

Answer 3

Differentiation

Question 4

Parents tend to talk more and be more emotionally expressive with infant ____ than with ____.

Answer 4

Daughters, sons

Question 5

Myelination ______ the speed of neural impulses.

Answer 5

Increases

Question 6

According to the _______ theory of attachment, the mother is seen as a reinforcer

Answer 6

Learning

Question 7

Harlow’s rhesus monkeys chose a ___-covered surrogate mother over a surrogate mother who
provided food.

Answer 7

Cloth

Question 8

In the 6th stage of Piaget’s sensorimotor period of development external exploration is replaced
by _____ exploration.

Answer 8

Mental

Question 9

Before children speak in full sentences, they tend to have _______ speech, or speech in which a
few words communicate a more complex message.

Answer 9

Telegraphic

Question 10

Cephalocaudal development is the growth pattern of individuals from _____ to toe.

Answer 10

Head

Question 11

The average number of morphemes a child uses in a sentence is known as the ____ ____ ___
_______.

Answer 11

Mean length of utterance

Question 12

Initial pre-attachment phase, Attachment-in-the-making phase, and Clear-cut attachment phase
describe the stages of infant __________.

Answer 12

Attachment

Question 13

The growth of taller than average infants tends to subsequently ______ down.

Answer 13

Slow

Question 14

Which child development theorist focused on how children come to learn from skilled caregivers
and older children?

Answer 14

Vygotsky

Question 15

Obesity is more likely in children who were not ____ fed as infants

Answer 15

Breastfed

Question 16

Primary, secondary, and tertiary circular reactions are features of Piaget’s ______ period of
development.

Answer 16

Sensorimotor

Question 17

A child’s developing ability to mentally problem solve without having to do as much physical
trial and error is known as invention of new means through _____ combinations.

Answer 17

Mental

Question 18

Mothers of children with ____ ___ _____ are more likely to have psychological problems, end
feedings arbitrarily, and have trouble going with the flow

Answer 18

Failure to thrive

Question 19

The development of very specific functions in certain brain areas is known as brain _______.

Answer 19

Specialization

Question 20

______ means that the brain frequently can compensate for injuries in particular areas.

Answer 20

Plasticity

Question 21

Children in day care are (more/less – CHOOSE ONE) peer oriented and play at higher
developmental levels.

Answer 21

More

Question 22

____ ___ ____ is a form of play differs from culture to culture.

Answer 22

Rough and tough

Question 23

About 41% of US children are living at or below the ______ level.

Answer 23

Poverty

Question 24

______ accounts for the tendency of young children to make up environmental factors
inhibiting their growth once those problems are resolved

Answer 24

Canalization

Question 25

An infant reaching for a toy that is covered by a cloth indicates that the child has a ______
representation of the object in mind.

Answer 25

Mental

Question 26

The scribbling of young children often demonstrates (meaningful or meaningless – CHOOSE
ONE) patterns

Answer 26

Meaningful

Question 27

The main reason for administering tests of cognitive ability to infants is to try to detect early
sensory or ______ problems.

Answer 27

Neurological

Question 28

____ is connected with half the deaths of children under the age of 5 years old

Answer 28

Malnutrition

Question 29

Parents tend to select clothing, room furnishings, and toys for children based on their _____
assigned at birth

Answer 29

Gender

Question 30

Voluntary grasping takes some time to develop due to the need to develop ____-____ skills.
31. ____ of fit theory suggests that e ven though research has shown temperament to remain fairly
stable from infancy to adulthood, the ________ can play a role in modifying, or moderating,
child temperament. In other words, a child’s initial biological tendency toward a certain
disposition may be strengthened or weakened due to caregiver ______ to the child. For
example, a child’s initial reluctance to eat new foods, enter a new school, or try new
experiences may be improved by caregivers who are patient, present one new event at a time,
and give the child chances for repeated exposures to new things. In this instance, the child may
adapt more positively. Further, child behavior can be positively modified when the caregiver
does not view the child as weak or willfully disobedient and when the caregiver does not view
the child’s reluctance as a poor reflection on their parenting style

Answer 30

Visual motor, goodness , environment , and response

Question 31

In terms of the Strange Situation, a _______ attached infant will be somewhat upset upon the exiting of the mother and happy to see her return. An ________ attached infant may exhibit either an avoidant or an ambivalent/resistant attachment pattern. In ______ attachment, the infant shows little or no distress when the mother leaves the room. ______ infants are very emotional, becoming extremely upset if their mothers leave the room and acts of two minds upon their return. The majority of infants are securely attached

Answer 31

Securely, insecurely , avoidant, ambiVALENT/ resistant

Question 32

In terms of the Strange Situation, a _______ attached infant will be somewhat upset upon the exiting of the mother and happy to see her return. An ________ attached infant may exhibit either an avoidant or an ambivalent/resistant attachment pattern. In ______ attachment, the infant shows little or no distress when the mother leaves the room. ______ infants are very emotional, becoming extremely upset if their mothers leave the room and acts of two minds upon their return. The majority of infants are securely attached

Answer 32

Crying, rooting, babbling, words, 2

Question 33

_____ _____ is the term for an individual’s understanding that objects continue to exist even when they can no longer be sensed. This is a major milestone in cognitive development and marks the end of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage. This understanding suggests that the child has developed a scheme of the world that things can exist that cannot be seen. It also represents a level of memory. In order to understand that the object still exists and will return, the child would have to have memory for the object. This ability also suggests that infants have developed the ability to form mental representations of the world

Answer 33

Object permanence

Question 34

In terms of developing self-concept, infants eventually begin to realize that the hand passing in front of their eyes belongs to them. At about __ months of age, infants begin to be able to detect a spot of ____ on their face in a mirror. Once the infant becomes self-aware, social graces such as sharing can form. Being self-aware makes way for the development of feelings such as envy, pride, and shame. Infants over 18 months of age thus tend to seek ______ approval, whereas younger infants do not.

Answer 34

18, rogue , parental