Study guide q's Flashcards
What diet is this for?
No caffeine, tomatoes, spicy foods, fatty foods, chocolate, soda, peppermint
Small meals
Avoid food 4 hrs before bed
GERD and Gastritis
What diet is this for? Low carb, high fat, high protein Fluids outside of meals Raise HOB during meal Lay flat after meal
Dumping syndrome
What diet is this for?
High fiber, low fat
Diverticulosis
What diet is this for? Low fiber Low roughage 30% calories from fat Avoid: enemas, laxatives maybe NPO to rest bowel
Diverticulitis
What diet is this for? Low residue Low fiber high calorie No beans, asparagus, broccoli No lactose NPO if severe
IBD
What disease…
Steatorrhea
Crohn’s and IBD
What disease…
Hyperglycemia
Dumping syndrome
What disease…
LLQ pain
Diverticulitis
What disease…
Fistulas
Crohn’s
What disease…
Pain relieved with food
Duodenal ulcer
What disease…
Pernicious anemia
Chronic Gastritis
What disease…
Pain during and right after eating
Peptic ulcer
what commonly causes esophageal cancer
Barrett’s esophagitis
what class?
famotidine
H2 blocker
What disease…
Wavelike abdominal pain
GERD
What disease... normal squamous (skin-like) mucosa of the esophagus is changed to an intestinalized columnar (intestine-like) mucosa.
Barrett’s Esophagitis
what class?
omeprazole
PPI
what class?
metoclopramide
Prokinetics
Barrett’s Esophagitis is a complication of what?
GERD
what class?
sucralfate
Mucosal barriers “-fate”
what class?
metronidazole
PrevPac
Treatment for H. pylori
vertigo, fullness, syncope, sweating, pallor, palpitations, tachycardia are symptoms of….
dumping syndrome
what class?
pantoprazole
PPI
What is Obtunded?
responds to loud stimuli
Decorticate
towards body, injury in medulla, interruption of spinal pathways, before/after herniation, small
reactive pupils
What class?
tetracycline
PrevPac
Treatment for H. pylori
List the three things in Cushing’s Triad
bradycardia, irregular respirations, hypertension with widening pressure pulse
What disease…
chest pain, SOB, epigastric discomfort, nocturnal cough
GERD
Decerebrate
away from body, injury to brain stem, late stage, proceeds to brain death, fixed pupils
Comatose
What class?
ampicillin
PrevPac
Treatment for H. pylori
Name the problem... Changes in LOC Decreased motor function Hemiparesis Hemiplasia
increased ICP
What class?
lansoprazole
PrevPac
Treatment for H. pylori
What class?
mesalamine
Salicylates
to treat acute exacerbations and prevent recurrence of IBD
What should you monitor for when patient is taking antidiarrheals?
Monitor for toxic megacolon
Name the cause…
Cushing’s Triad
increased ICP
WHat class?
Immune modulators “-mab”
Number in glasgow coma score for comatose?
Gold standard in diagnosing diagnosing basilar skull fractures?
You need to go by clinical signs. X-ray won’t help
Raccoon eyes
this refers to a periorbital (around the eyes) bruising, and is a result of blood tracking down from the skull fracture site to the soft tissue around the eyes.
Does CSF have glucose in it?
YES
Halo sign
dab blood on tissue and CSF will move faster outwards making a ring around the blood
What is it????? severe headache photophobia fever nausea nuchal rigidity
Meningitis
Battle’s sign
ecchymosis behind ears, periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eyes), rhinorrhea (CSF out
of nose), otorrhea (CSF out of ears)
Cranial nerve palsies
many of the cranial nerves run nearby enough to be injured or compressed by a fractured base of skull.
Why care about beta-2-transferrin?
This protein is only found in CSF, so if you are finding it in fluid coming from the nose or ears, you have a CSF leak.
How to test for Meningitis
lumbar puncture
Mannitol is used for…
ICP
These drugs are used for….
Vasopressin
Nitroglycerin
Nadolol, propranolol
Esophageal varices
SE gingival hyperplasia
?????
Carotid Endarterectomy
removes clot, monitor for swelling (can occlude airway)
Stroke...What Side? Affects language, math skills, analytic thinking Aphasia Dyslexia Agraphia Acalculiasubtracting Right hemiplasia
Left
Jaundice and pruritis caused by what?
Increased bilirubin
Liver biopsy happenings….
Sitting up
Right arm raised
Hold breath
Subarachnoid precautions
darken room, minimize noise, avoid neck and hip flexion, no straining
Stroke...What Side? Unaware of deficits Disoriented to time/place Personality change, impulsivity Poor judgment Left hemiplasia
Right
These drugs are used for….
Furosemide
Spironolactone (K sparing)
Nadolol, propranolol (beta blockers)
Portal hypertension
After Liver biopsy
Lie down on right side with pillow under costal margin
No coughing or straining
VS q 15 for 1 hr, q 30 until stable
What is it.... Unilateral weakness hemianopsia Difficulty speaking Dizziness, loss of coordination Sudden severe headache
Stroke
These drugs are used for….
Lactulose
Rifaximin
Encephalopathy
These drugs are used for….
Antivirals
immune modulators
Hepatitis
Tx for what Dx?
rest, avoid ETOH, avoid meds processed in liver, give contacts immunoglobulin and vaccine
Hepatitis A
Associated with…
Oral candidiasis
Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL)
Aids
Asymptomatic stage, can remain asymptomatic for….
10 years
Crix belly is associated with?
HIV
Tx for what Dx?
immunosuppression and antivirals
Hepatitis C or B
Rejection or Infection?
Fever Jaundice Dark urine Clay colored stools RUQ tender Ascites
Hep that has a high risk for cancer and no vaccine?
Hep C
Tx for what Dx?
immunosuppression and antivirals
Hepatitis B or C
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Aids - its a rash???
What confirms HIV
Western Blot or Immunofluorescence Assay
