study guide pt. 2 Flashcards
written language
Utilizes alphabetic system; found in books, notes, text messages, etc.; most complex mode of communication; requires formal instruction
phonology
Rules associated with sound combinations and pronunciation of sounds
gestures
Use of nonverbal communication to express or assist in expressing one’s ideas or desires
innateness
A child’s brain contains special language-learning mechanisms at birth
morphology
Modifications of words, using inflections
syntax
Rules governing word order and word classes
child directed speech
Slower rate of speech; increased pitch variations, long pauses, the frequent repetition
pragmatics
The use of language within the communicative context; involves the rules of conversation.
behaviorism
Children learn language because they are rewarded by adults for their efforts.
fast mapping
Children’s ability to hypothesize the meaning of a new word after hearing it used only one or two times
expressive language
Ability to produce language verbally
semantics
Involves words and their meanings; vocabulary
receptive language
Ability to understand or comprehend language
joint attention
Directing a child’s attention to a particular object or action and then labeling it when both child and caregiver are attending
morphemes
Grammatical inflections that attach to words to change their meaning
overextension
When child uses one word to refer to many different objects
under extension
Child knows he has a “doggie” but refuses to call other dogs “doggie.”
protowords
Word-like productions unique to the child and she uses it consistently to label an object or an action (such as lelo for water)
MLU
Used to measure the complexity of language in preschool children
narrative
Monologues; in which one person speaks and one or more people listen
