Study guide Exam3 Pt.2

Question 1

3 main parts of the ear

Answer 1

1. Outer (external) Ear
2. The Middle Ear
3. The Inner Ear

Question 2

Outer (external) Ear

Answer 2

• Pinna (collects sound like funnel and directs it down ear canal
• External auditory canal (aka: ear canal)

Question 3

The Middle Ear

Answer 3

• Auditory Ossicles (AKA: Ossicular Chain)
• Eustachian

Question 4

The Inner Ear

Answer 4

• Contains two separate systems with different functions; same fluid running through both

1. Semicircular canals (vestibular(?) system; balance)
2. Cochlea(hearing

Question 5

Auditory Ossicles (AKA: Ossicular Chain)

Answer 5

• Malleus: AKA “hammer”. Embedded in back side of tympanic membrane. Connects to incus.
• Incus: AKA “anvil”. Connects to Stapes.
• Stapes: AKA “Stirrup”
  And it ends the oral window (entrance to inner ear). It is embedded in the oral window

Question 6

2. Who is more likely to get ear infections and why

Answer 6

Children because the eustachian tube is more horizontal and remains open all the time

Question 7

3. What artery provides blood (and therefore oxygen) to all the language areas in the brain?

Answer 7

Middle cerebral artery

Question 8

Characteristics of Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 8

-damage is in the Wernicke’s area
-Receptive(understanding) is the primary problem
- Speech is fluent
-Significant comprehension problems, lots of paraphasia and neologisms

Question 9

Global Aphasia

Answer 9

• Huge lesions affecting Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area and the space in between.
• Both verbal expression and comprehension significantly impacted
• Primary characteristics:
  o Stereotypical expressions in response to any question
  o Jargon
  o Perseverations

Question 10

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 10

-Damage is in the Broca’s Area
-Expressive (talking) is the primary problem
- speech is non fluent
-Difficulty producing grammatically correct sentences
-Difficulty naming objects

Question 11

Anomic aphasia

Answer 11

• Lesions are typically outside of the language zone, Varies from person to person
• the deficit expressive (talking)
• Primary characteristics: Words finding deficits, Paraphasia’s

Question 12

Right Hemisphere Disorder primary deficits

Answer 12

1. Communication
2. Attention / Perception
3. Cognition

Question 13

Communication(1)

Answer 13

-Prosodic deficit: pitch, stress, loudness, used to convey meaning
- Discourse: narrative ability: Organization problems, Relevance, Confabulation (making things up…tell you things that aren’t true)
- Language tends to be concrete and literal so, difficulty with figurative language and inferencing
- Pragmatics
- Affect: facial expression may not represent true emotions

Question 14

Attention/perception(2)

Answer 14

Attention - the ability to focus on stimuli and
filter out unwanted stimuli
* Focused, sustained, selective, alternating,
divided
* Perceptual deficits- how you “see” or “interpret” the world
-Neglect: typically on the left
-Anosognosia: Denial of illness or deficit (they deny that they are “sick” and don’t take any help…blame things on others

Question 15

Cognition (3)

Answer 15

-Planning
-Organization
-Reasoning
-Problem solving