Chapter 3b Speech Sound Disorder Student

Question 1

Disorders of…(#2)

Answer 1

Articulation, phonology

Question 2

Disorders associated with physical or developmental Differences

Answer 2

cleft lip
dysarthria
apraxia
hearing loss

Question 3

Articulation Disorder

Answer 3

When a child produces a few misarticulations, but we CAN understand most of what they say

Question 4

Misarticulation (Articulation Disorder)

Answer 4

error that produces a sound in a sound

ex. saying “wake” instead of “rake”

Question 5

errors are made…(Articulation Disorder)

Answer 5

consistently (keep making the same mistake)

Question 6

errors reflect…(articulation disorder)

Answer 6

an inability to produce correct motor movements due to physical limitations and poor learning

Question 7

Types of errors (articulation disorder)

Answer 7

-Substitution
-Omission
-Distortion
-Addition

Question 8

substitution (articulation disorder):

Answer 8

Changing the letters/sound of the word (ex. wake/rake, “bwuder”/”brother”

Question 9

Omission (articulation disorder)

Answer 9

Leaving a sound, sounds, or letters out (ex. ake/rake or boa/boat)

Question 10

Distortions (articulation disorder)

Answer 10

altering the place or the manner of a sound to produce a sound that does not normally occur in the language…(not being able to correctly say the word)

Question 11

Addition: (articulation disorder)

Answer 11

adding sound, sounds, or extra words that don’t belong (ex: sanow/snow, baloo/blue)

Question 12

Phonological Disorders

Answer 12

Child Produces many speech sound errors, rendering speech difficult to understand (unintelligible)…when you can barely understand what someone says

Question 13

errors are… (phonological disorders)

Answer 13

not random, but predictable…they reflect patterns also called rules or processes (when they over simplify speech)

Question 14

Phonological Processes

Answer 14

strategies all normally developing children use to simplify adult speech…(most processes are extinguished/suppressed by age 4, if they continue, the child is delayed and speech is impaired)

Question 15

CVC

Answer 15

Consonant Vowel Consonant

Question 16

syllable shape processes…(phonological processes)

Answer 16

affect how the syllable is produced (ex: hat=cvc, hats=cvcc)

Question 17

final consonant deletion…(syllable shape process)

Answer 17

leaving the final consonant off the end of the syllable(the sound at the end of a word)

Question 18

reduplication…(syllable shape process)

Answer 18

repeating a syllable or part of a syllable to produce the word (ex. “bottle”/”baba”)

Question 19

Consonant Cluster Simplification…(syllable shape process)

Answer 19

reducing the number of consonants in a string of consonants (ex: “sawp”/”stop”)

Question 20

Substitution processes

Answer 20

affects how sound is produced; involve changes in place and manner of production (taking one or more consonants away)

Question 21

Stopping (substitution process)

Answer 21

producing a stop sound instead of a fricative (fricatives is sounds you make and hold…ex. changing the word “fit” to “bit”

Question 22

Fronting (substitution process)

Answer 22

producing a sound made infront of the mouth (alveolar ridge) instead of making the sound in the back of the mouth(velars)

Question 23

gliding of liquids

Answer 23

producing a glide sound (w,y) instead of liquid (I, r)

Question 24

cleft lip and palate

Answer 24

-lips, hard palate, and soft palate develop during first trimester of pregnancy
- growth stops prematurely, leaving a gap in any three structures (partial or complete) on one or both sides (bilateral or unilateral)
-repairs require surgery
-speech problem require therapy

Question 25

complete cleft lip

Answer 25

go all the way to the nostril

Question 26

partial cleft lip

Answer 26

go up to the lip

Question 27

Articulation Problems (speech symptoms associated with Clefts)

Answer 27

-yes
-any sounds produced with lips or palate
high pressure consonants (stops, fricatives, affricates)
-nasal emissions (sounds coming out of nose)
-compensatory movements add or distort sounds (trying different thing to produce certain sounds even though its difficult)

Question 28

respiration problems (speech symptoms associated with Clefts)

Answer 28

no, they can breathe fine

Question 29

phonation (speech symptoms associated with Clefts)

Answer 29

no

Question 30

resonation (speech symptoms associated with Clefts)

Answer 30

-yep
-opening changes shape and size of vocal tract
-compensatory movements, carriage of tongue
-hypernasality

Question 31

Dysarthria

Answer 31

• often associated with cerebral palsy (CVAs=stroke) and (TBI=tramatic brain injury…brain tumors)
  -problem of moving muscles, if muscles cant move at all, your paralyze, if they dont move well, you have a weakness

Question 32

cerebral palsy

Answer 32

damage to developing brain affecting motor areas responsible for smooth coordinated movements; muscles weakness of paralysis

Question 33

Articulation (speech symptoms associated with dysarthria)

Answer 33

imprecise, slurred, due to inability to move weak, uncoordinated articulators in normal ways

Question 34

respiration and phonation (speech symptoms associated with dysarthria)

Answer 34

weak, uncoordinated muscles affect power of speech and source of sound; affects volume, ability to sustain speech signal

Question 35

resonation (ability to control the airflow between mouth and nose)…speech symptoms associated with dysarthria)

Answer 35

weak, uncoordinated muscles affect valving mechanism; timing of voicing and resonance affected

Question 36

Apraxia of Speech (a planning problem)

Answer 36

-speech programming problem associated with brain damage in frontal lobe (identified only in adults)
-Similar speech patterns in children led to the term Developmental Apraxia of Speech (DAS) or Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)

Question 37

Speech Symptoms associated with childhood Apraxia of Speech

Answer 37

-unintelligible speech; multiple errors
-often misdiagnosed as phonological delay
- errors inconsistent and increase with length or word (ex. kid can say “but” but cant say “butter”
-errors persist despite treatment
-difficulty sequencing sounds and syllable
-vowel errors common

Question 38

Hearing loss

Answer 38

-The ability to hear and perceive sounds is critical to the development of normal speech
-With early identification and treatment of hearing loss, good intelligibility can be achieved

Question 39

Speech Symptoms Associated with Hearing Loss:

Answer 39

-Difficulty hearing and producing voicing distinctions (Ex. back-bag, time-dime)
-Difficulty with vowel distinction (Ex.beat-bit, hot-hat)
-Difficulty with sounds that look alike on the mouth (ex. poor, more, bore
Post, most, bast)

Question 40

Treatment of Speech Sound Disorders

Answer 40

• traditional articulation therapy
  -phonological-based therapy

Question 41

traditional articulation therapy (Treatment of Speech Sound Disorders)

Answer 41

-Used with articulation disorders
-Modified to use with all other speech sound and disorders except phonological disorders

Question 42

phonological-based therapy (Treatment of Speech Sound Disorders)

Answer 42

used with phonological disorders