Study Guide for stem test

Question 1

What is convection

Answer 1

the transfer of heat energy through flowing materials, like liquid or gas. This is how heat moves in the mantle.

Question 2

What is a Trench

Answer 2

Deep regions of the ocean floor at the edge of plates. This is the location where the old oceanic crust is destroyed and subducted under another plate

Question 3

What is Subduction

Answer 3

The sliding of one plate under another plate, or forcing it into the mantle where it will melt. This occurs at trenches

Question 4

What is Sea floor spreading

Answer 4

Oceanic crust is created at the mid-ocean ridge, moving sideways away from the mid-ocean ridge, and being pushed back or subducted into the mantle at a trench.

Question 5

What is a geologist

Answer 5

Scientist who study earth and how earth changes and the materials earth is made up of.

Question 6

What is the crust

Answer 6

One of the earth’s main layers covers the entire surface thinnest under oceans and thickest under continents composed of rock.

Question 7

Continents

Answer 7

Large land masses

Question 8

Mantle

Answer 8

One of the earth’s main layers is under the crust and is made up of rock. Earth’s thickest layer makes up most of the earth’s mass. The upper part is rigid while lower part flows very slowly.

Question 9

Core

Answer 9

One of earth’s main layers. Earth’s center. Mostly made up of iron and nickel. Earth’s hottest layer.

Question 10

Outer core

Answer 10

Outer of the core and is liquid and flows slowly.

Question 11

Inner core

Answer 11

Inner of the core and is solid.

Question 12

Conduction

Answer 12

Transfer of heat energy through solid matter. Exm( This is how heat moves from core to the crust.

Question 13

Pangea

Answer 13

A giant continent. Pangea means all land. Alfred Wegener believed that Pangea split apart

Question 14

Convection currents

Answer 14

A cycle of heated matter due to density changes. Causes dramatic changes to the earth’s surface. Deep inside the earth can cause the asthenosphere to flow and makes plates move.

Question 15

Fossils

Answer 15

Remains, Imprints, or traces of living things that has been fossilized- the fossils in the rocks on both continents were identical

Question 16

Continental drift

Answer 16

The idea that continents move from one part of the earth to another

Question 17

Lithosphere

Answer 17

A brittle outer layer of the earth, between the upper mantle and the crust. It is solid and made up of plates

Question 18

Plates

Answer 18

Earth has twelve big plates and several small plates. Plates can be made up of oceanic crust or continental crust

Question 19

Asthenosphere

Answer 19

Under the lithosphere. Hot enough to change and bend its shape. A region in the upper mantle

Question 20

Plate tectonics

Answer 20

A theory that explains how plates move.

Question 21

Sonar

Answer 21

A type of technology to see information about the ocean using sound waves.

Question 22

Mid-ocean ridge

Answer 22

A mountain range where a chain of mountains (volcanic mountains) rise from the ocean floor

Question 23

Rift

Answer 23

A valley that runs along the crest of the mid-ocean ridge

Question 24

Magma

Answer 24

Melted rock that hardens and becomes rock

Question 25

Divergent boundary

Answer 25

A place where two plates are moving away apart most are located along the mid-ocean ridge. New crust forms at divergent boundaries. Can rip apart continents and create new oceans.

Question 26

Convergent boundary

Answer 26

A place where two plates collide crust is destroyed. One plate goes under another. When a plate with continental crust collides with the other plate with oceanic crust the plate with oceanic crust goes under the other plate and creates a trench. When a two plates with continental crust collide the buckle and is pushed up into a mountain range

Question 27

Transform boundary

Answer 27

When the crust is neither destroyed nor created and the plates slide past each other. Earthquakes occur here.

Question 28

What is isostasy

Answer 28

The constant balancing between the downward force of the crust and the upward force of the mantle is called isostasy

Question 29

What is a fault

Answer 29

A break in the crust along where rocks move.

Question 30

Ring of fire

Answer 30

An area of frequent earthquakes and volcano eruptions encircling the pacific ocean.

Question 31

Earthquake

Answer 31

A vibration in the ground when rock suddenly slips or breaks which releases energy. There is also stress along the faults

Question 32

magnitude

Answer 32

The energy released by the earthquake. Can be determined by a seismograph and compared to other earthquakes using the Richter scale.

Question 33

Focus

Answer 33

An area in the crust or upper mantle were the energy is released. This can also be where a earthquake occurs

Question 34

Epicenter

Answer 34

An area on the surface directly above the focus

Question 35

Richter scale

Answer 35

A scale that measures the magnitude of an earthquake from a scale of 1-10. Each number going up is 10x the magnitude released.

Question 36

Mercalli scale

Answer 36

A scale that measures the damage done by an earthquake in a specific location. Uses the scale I-XII

Question 37

Who is harry hess

Answer 37

Was a teacher of geology at price university. He taught in the early 1940s and served for the naval reserve. When America entered WWII Harry was called to duty. He commanded a ship and took surveys of the ocean floor based on the sonar equipment he used. He continued to study the ocean floor and published a book History of Ocean Basins. Later on, his idea of seafloor spreading was just a hunch but with new technology later on, technology helped support his theory. When hesses and Wegener’s theories were both true. Their theory combined to become the theory of Plate tectonics

Question 38

Who is Alfred wegener

Answer 38

Was born in Berlin in 1880 where his father was a minister who ran an orphanage. He studied in Germany and Austria receiving his Ph.D. in astronomy. He started studying the science of weather and his research improved. He returned from his trip to Greenland he started teaching meteorology at the University of Marburg. Wegener realized that the continents looked like they fit like puzzle pieces. He served in WWI and continued his theory of how the continents look like they fit like jigsaw puzzle pieces while most scientists did not believe him some still did. On his last expedition to Greenland, he celebrated his fiftieth birthday but got lost in a blizzard and died. Later on with new technology, his theory was proved to be correct.