Study Guide for stem test Flashcards
What is weathering?
Weathering is a destructive force the breaks down rocks and minerals
When rock and minerals are broken down into smaller pieces what are they called?
Sediments
Which actions make sediments?
water,wind,temperature changes, living things
What is mechanical weathering?
Mechanical weathering is a type of weathering that is a physical breakdown. Changes the rock’s shape and size but the composition is the same as the original rock.
What produces the sediments in weathering?
Scraping pounding grinding and splitting.
What are the six causes that make the sediments be produced by weathering?
Wind water temperature pressure plant growth and animal actions
Examples of the causes
1 Wind: EXM hurricane-force winds
2 Water: EXM waves crashing at the beach
3 Temperature: EXM freezing and thawing
4 Pressure: EXM release of pressure cracks the rock
5 Plant Growth: EXM As roots and plants go in cracks. Cracks become bigger.
6. Animal Actions: EXM animals dig and make soil softer as they dig they break rock.
What is chemical weathering
Chemical weathering is when a rock is broken because of a chemical substance. This results in a change of the chemical composition.
What are the causes for chemical weathering
water, oxygen, carbon dioxide/ C02, living organisms and acid rain
Examples of causes
1 Water: EXM dissolves rock and makes a solution.
2 Oxygen: EXM Rock rusts so it’s easier to break down
3 Carbon dioxide or C02: EXM makes carbonic acid easier to break down rock
4 Living organisms: EXM Roots go into the rock, creating a weak acid and breaking down the rock.
5 Acid rain: EXM chemical and water vapor mix, creating acid rain.
What is erosion
Erosion is a destructive force that moves sediments.
What causes the sediments to move in erosion
Wind,Water,Glaciers and gravity
What is deposition
Deposition is a constructive force that is the dropping of the eroded sediments.
What does deposition cause
Deposition causes new landforms to be made and most of the sediments are landed horizontally
What is a mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring pure chemical substance. It is solid inorganic and has a crystal structure.
What are the five important characteristics to a mineral
Natural solid inorganic specific chemical structure and crystalline structure.
What is a crystalline structure
A crystalline structure is when atoms keep reapting in an order.
Is a mineral a basic building block of our earth
Yes a mineral is a basic building block of our earth
What is a rock
Rocks are naturally occurring with one or more minerals in them.
Why are rocks important to our earth?
They make up the earth’s crust, they help us study the earth’s history, they can be used as a source of energy and humans rely on minerals found from rock
How does a metamorphic rock form?
A metamorphic rock forms by being changed by igneous or sedimentary rock. The structure and composition change through heat or pressure.
Characteristics of a metamorphic rock
Harder than normal rock because of the pressure. The rock is dense and the colors can change. The mineral crystal line up in the same direction
How does igneous rock form?
Igneous rock forms when a volcano erupts and lava cools down.
What are the two types of igneous rock
Intrusive rock, Extrusive rock
What is a intrusive rock
Intrusive rocks have bigger crystals in them they are created beneath the ground so they take longer to cool.
What is extrusive rock
EXtrusive rocks have smaller crystals that cool on the surface and they are faster to cool because of air.
How does a sedimentary rock form?
Sedimentary rocks are made from sediments. When Sediments pile up and are applying pressure they create a rock. When weathered rock is in sediments erosion moves the sediments in a pile with pressure applied it creates sedimentary rock
What are the characteristics of sedimentary rock?
The sedimentary rock contains lots of fossils and and are easy to break
How do folded mountains form
Forms when tectonic plates collide. The crust folds and crumbles. Layers of rock compress from opposite sides. Stress is constant and temperature and pressure are high
What do folded mountains look like
They are steep on both sides
How do dome mountains form
Forms when Molten rock pushes up on the crust. Creates landforms with a dome shape. Overlaying crust erodes. They mountain form away from plate boundaries.
What do Dome mountains look like
They have a round shape.
How do fault mountains form
Forms when the fault is uplifted or tilted. Cracks the earth’s crust. May form near plate boundaries.
What do fault mountains look like
One side is steep and the other is gradual
How do fault block mountains form
Forms when the crust is stretched. Crustal blocks move along normal faults. May form near plate boundaries. A huge block from the earth’s crust moves up or down along a fault.
What do fault-block mountains look like
They are flat on top and steep on both sides
What is a central vent
The main pathway that in the middle of the volcano where the magma erupts.
What is a crater
The bowl-shaped opening around the mouth of the volcano. This is formed by the eruption of the volcano.
What is a Side Vent
A large crack in the cone of the volcano which lava can flow through.
What is a magma chamber
An underground part below the earth’s surface where molten rock stays below the earth’s surface.
What is a volcanic bomb
Lumps of lava are thrown out of the volcano while still molten.
What are Ash clouds
Tiny airborne pieces of rock and lava
What is Lava flow
Molten rock flowing down the sides of the volcano
What is a cone
Wears away and leaves behind the hardened magma or lava which then forms the mountain itself
What is a volcano
A mountain that forms around a vent that releases magma or lava that cools. This makes igneous rock. This rock forms a volcanic mountain.
What is lava
Magma that reaches the earth surface
What is a vent
The opening of a volcano and the path it takes allows air, gases, and liquid to exit the volcano. The weak spot in a volcano is when magma breaks through and exits the volcano as lava.
What is limestone
This rock is a sedimentary rock. It is made from dead sea creatures. It can be dissolved in water and carbonic acid.
What is karst topography
This is a landscape with a probable chance that it will become a geologic feature. The landscape is karst because it is made of limestone. Some examples of geologic features are sinkholes, cave, etc.
Why is karst topography important to Florida
Important because since Florida was underwater at one point all the dead creatures underwater became limestone so when Florida emerged from the water. Florida was made of limestone and since karst is a land made of limestone. Karst topography is important to Florida because since Florida is made of limestone more geologic features will occur.
What is a cave
A cave is a natural void made by weathering. Limestone is dissolved by carbonic acid which can also create caves.
What is a stalactite
A formation of minerals comes straight down from the ceiling of the cave.
What is a Stalagmite
A mineral formation that rises from the floor of the cave.
What is a sinkhole
A hole is formed when material below the ground is removed.
What is a spring
A natural pool of underground water.
What is an aquifer
A mix-up of rock with crevices and the water gets into the crevices and gets accumulated over time. After the water is accumulated and overflows and shoots up an artesian well.
Why is the everglades important to Florida
It’s important to keep it healthy because it provides drinking water for more than 8 million people. It protects from hurricanes and floods. Provides 1.2 billion dollars to the fishing industry.
