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Study Guide for Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

the basic unit of structure and function in an organism

A

cell

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1
Q

living things are

A

organisms

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2
Q

they are single-celled organisms, like bacteria

A

unicellular organisms

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3
Q

they are organisms that are composed of many cells

A

multicellular organisms

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4
Q

The cells of living things are made of chemicals

A

The Chemicals of Life

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5
Q

Organisms get ________ from taking in and breaking down materials

A

energy

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6
Q

this is the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

A

metabolism

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7
Q

The cells of organisms use _______to do what living things must do, such as ______ and _______ injured parts

A

energy, grow, repair

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8
Q

A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react

A

stimulus

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9
Q

An organism reacts to a stimulus with a _________- an action or a change in behavior

A

response

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10
Q

the process of becoming larger

A

Growth

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11
Q

this is the process of change that occurs during an organism’s life, producing a more complex organism

A

Development

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12
Q

this involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent

A

Asexual reproduction

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13
Q

This involves two parents and combines their genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents

A

Sexual reproduction

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14
Q

living things arise from other living things through ____________

A

reproduction

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15
Q

the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources is called

A

spontaneous generation

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16
Q

In a ___________ ___________ a scientist carries out a series of tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor

A

controlled experiment

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17
Q

organisms need a source of energy to live, they use __________ as their energy source

A

food

18
Q

organisms that make their own food are called

A

autotrophs

19
Q

organisms that cannot make their own food are called

A

heterotrophs

20
Q

organisms need ________ to obtain chemicals from their surroundings, break down food, grow, move substances within their bodies, and reproduce

A

water

21
Q

a place to get food and water and find shelter

A

living space

22
Q

organisms must be able to keep the conditions inside their bodies stable, even when conditions in their surroundings change significantly

A

stable internal conditions

23
Q

the maintenance of stable internal conditions is called

A

homeostasis

24
Q

this is the process of grouping things based on their similarities

A

classification

25
Q

Biologists use ________________ to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study

A

classification

26
Q

the scientific study of how organisms are classified is called

A

taxonomy

27
Q

each organism was given a two parted name . this system is called

A

binomial nomenclature

28
Q

the first word in an organisms scientific name is its

A

Genus

29
Q

a __________ is a classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms

A

Genus

30
Q

a _________ is a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce

A

species

31
Q

the scientific name is written in _______

A

italics

32
Q

____________ _______________ makes it easy for scientists to communicate about an organism because everyone uses the same scientific name for the same organism

A

Binomial nomenclature

33
Q

A ________ is the broadest level of organization. within a domain there are _________. Within Kingdoms there are __________. Within phyla are _________. Within classes are __________. Within orders there are____________. Each family contains one or more ________. Finally each genus contains one or more _________.

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phyla, Classes, orders, family, genus, species

34
Q

They are unicellular organisms whose cells lack a nucleus.

A

prokaryotes

35
Q

this is a dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids- the chemical instructions that direct the cell’s activities

A

nucleus

36
Q

What are the 3 Domains of Life

A

Bacteria, Achaea, and Eukarya

37
Q

What are the 4 kingdoms of Eukarya

A

protist, fungi, animals, and plants

38
Q

Organisms in the Domain Eukarya are called. they ar eorganisms thta contain nuclei

A

eukaryotes

39
Q

Protists

A
  • A protists is any eukaryotic organism that cannot be classified as a fungus, plant, or animal.
  • because its members are so different from one another, the protist kingdom is sometimes called the “odds and ends” kingdom
  • some protists are autotrophs while others are heterotrophs
  • most protists are unicellular but some are multicellular such as seaweed
40
Q

Fungi

A
  • Ex. mushrooms, molds, and mildew
  • the majority of fungi are multicellular eukaryotes, a few such as yeast are unicellular eukaryotes
  • they are found almost everywhere on land, only a few live in fresh water
  • All fungi are heterotrophs
  • most fungi feed by absorbing nutrients from dead or decaying organisms
41
Q

Plants

A
  • Ex. Dandelions, peas, and marsh grass
  • they are all multicellular eukaryotes, and most live on land
  • they are autotrophs that make their own food
  • they provide food for most of the heterotrophs on land
  • the plant kingdom includes a great variety of organisms
  • Some plants produce flowers and some do not
  • some plants are tall some are small
42
Q

Animals

A

-Ex. dogs, cats, birds,
-all animals are multicellular eukaryotes
-all animals are heterotrophs
-animals locate food, capture it, eat it, and digest it
-members of the animal kingdom live in diverse places on earth
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Science (8 decks)

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