Study Guide for GU Exam 1 Flashcards
Acute uncomplicated and complicated UTIs pathogen?
E.coli
Staph saprophyticus- young women
Acute Cystitis treatment?
Nitrofurantoin
Amoxicillin- clavulanate
Ciprofloxacin
Acute Cystitis MDR treatment?
Nitrofurantoin
Acute Cystitis analgesics?
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Acute Cystitis prophylaxis?
cranberry juice/pills
Acute Cystitis prevention?
TMP-SMX, Nitrofurantoin, Cephalexin
Gram negative CAUTI txt?
fluoroquinolones and 3rd gen cephalosporin
Gram positive CAUTI txt?
Vancomycin
Cystitis with pregnancy txt?
Amoxicilin, Augmentin, Cephalexin
Recurrent cystitis pregnancy txt?
Cephalexin and Nitrofurantoin (after 1st trimester)
Acute pyelonephritis dx?
Renal ultrasound- preggo
Non-contrast helical/spiral CT
Interstitial cystitis/ Painful bladder syndrome dx?
cystoscopy
Urethritis dx?
NAAT (Nucleic acid amplification test)
Urethritis txt?
Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin or Doxy
OR
Cefixime and Azithromycin or Doxy
Persistent Urethritis txt?
Metronidazole or Tinidazole plus Azithromycin
Txt for bacterial Orchitis?
<35 Ceftriaxone plus Doxy or Azithromycin (No quinolones)
>35 Levofloxacin or Orofloxacin
Txt for viral orchitis?
NO CURE!
bed rest
hot or cold compresses
scrotal support/ elevation
Epididymitis pathogens?
STI
Acute prostatitis classification?
I. Acute bacterial prostatitis- bacteria evidence
II. Chronic bacterial prostatitis- bacteria evidence
IIIa. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome/ Inflammatory- no bacteria infection, inflammation
IIIb. CP, Non-inflammatory- no bacteria, or inflammation
IV. Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis- no s/s evidence of inflammation found on biopsy
Acute prostatitis patient education?
NSAIDs, sitz baths, alpha blockers
Prognosis is good w/ treatment
Chronic prostatitis history?
Last more than 3 months
Chronic prostatits PE?
need prostatic massage
UDT history and PE?
infant presents at birth or well child exam w/ palpable tests in scrotal sac
UDT risk factors?
Prematurity (30%) Low birth weight 2500g, Twins Prenatal exposure to TED and DES Maternal DM Breech FHx (brother, uncle, father)
What is absent UDT?
due to agenesis or atrophy
What is retractile UDT?
cremasteric reflex control; pulled into the supra-scrotal position
What is ascending/acquired UDT?
previously descended, then ascends spontaneously “here today gone tomorrow”
What is ectopic UDT?
normal decent through the inguinal ring, then diverted to abnormal position… superficial inguinal pouch
Treatment of palpable testes?
Orchiopexy
Treatment of non-palpable testes?
Open or exploratory w/ orchiopexy
Peyronie’s presentation?
penile pain occurs primarily during erection
Risk factors for Peyronie’s?
any race or age
Dupuytren’s contracture-30%
ED-50%
Rough sex
Penile trauma history?
rough sex, blood at meatus, loud popping sound, eggplant deformity
VUR prophylactic abx?
TMP-SMX, TMP, Marcobid
Cephalexin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
VUR surgical txt?
Open ureteral reimplantation
Robotic- assisted laparoscopic reimplantation (hyaluronic injections by cystoscopic)
Hydrocele history?
heaviness or pressure in the scrotum
Change in size of swelling w/ position
Transilluminates due to cystic structure
Hydrocele txt in children?
observe for two years to allow for spontaneous
refer to peds urology after 2yrs
Hydrocele txt in adults?
asymptomatic- no txt
symptomatic or communicating- Refer to urology
Hydrocelectomy
Varicocele risk factors?
More common in 1st degree relative, especially bro
Varicocele epidemiology?
most common physical finding in infertile men (35-40%)
Left side predominance (bilateral in 33% of males)
unilateral right varicocele are UNCOMMON
