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Renal > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Retroperitoneum

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2
Q

What does the urinary/renal system remove?

A

urine and toxins

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3
Q

Lower UTIs include?

A

urethra and bladder

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4
Q

Upper UTIs include?

A

ureters and kidney

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5
Q

What does lower UTIs involve?

A

superficial mucosa

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6
Q

What does upper UTIs involve?

A

renal parenchyma (interstitial tissue)

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7
Q

What is cystitis?

A

infection of the bladder

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8
Q

What is pyelonephritis?

A

infection of the kidneys

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9
Q

Most common pathogen of acute uncomplicated and complicated UTIs?

A

E.coli

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10
Q

What is E.coli shown to be resistance too?

A

TMP-SMX and Cipro

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11
Q

Viral cysitits seen in kids

A

Adenovirus

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12
Q

What two things are not present with uncomplicated UTIs?

A

Fever/ chills

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13
Q

What is the most diagnostic finding on a urinalysis/microscopy?

A

Pyuria (WBCs)

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14
Q

What is the single best test for acute cystitis?

A

Urine dipstick

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15
Q

What is the gold standard diagnosis for acute cystitis?

A

Urine culture

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16
Q

What is the pathogen in Catheter-associated CAUTI?

A

E.coli

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17
Q

What are the 3 symptoms seen in CAUTI?

A

fever, suprapubic, or CVA tenderness

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18
Q

Where should urine not be collected from in CAUTI?

A

Foley bag

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19
Q

What is the most common pathogen in pregnancy?

A

E.coli

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20
Q

What drug should be avoided in the 1st trimester and at term?

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfa

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis

A

E. coli

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22
Q

With a kidney infection what is seen on labs?

A

Wide cast

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23
Q

What is the diagnosis used for acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy?

A

Renal ultrasound

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24
Q

What is the study of choice used for acute pyelonephritis?

A

Non-contrast helical/spiral CT

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25
Q

What two drugs are NOT used in acute pyelonephritis?

A

Nitrofurantoin or Fosfomycin

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26
Q

What 3 drugs should be avoided in pregnancy?

A

Fluroquinolones, amino-glycosides, and tetracyclines

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27
Q

What is the intial diagnosic test for IC/Painful bladder syndrome?

A

Cystoscopy

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28
Q

What is the only FDA-approved intra-vesical therapy for ICU/Painful Bladder syndrome?

A

DMSO/ Dimethyl Sulfoxide

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29
Q

What is the most common NGU pathogen of urethritis?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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30
Q

What is the most common gonorrhea pathogen of urethritis?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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31
Q

What is the test of choice of urethritis?

A

NAAT

32
Q

What is a complication of urethritis?

A

infertility

33
Q

What is the most common cause of scrotal pain in adult males?

A

Epididymitis

34
Q

How is epididymitis dx?

A

Color Doppler Ultrasound

35
Q

What should not be given if under 35 and suspect STI?

A

quinolones

36
Q

What is the most common cause of viral orchitis?

A

Mumps

37
Q

What is the most common complication of Mumps?

A

Orchitis

38
Q

What is the mc bacterial pathogen in orchitis?

A

E.coli

39
Q

What is the mc pathogen in acute prostatits?

A

E.coli

40
Q

What should not be done in a DRE for acute prostatitis?

A

prostatic massage

41
Q

How long do you wait for PSA?

A

at least 4 wks

42
Q

What do you avoid in acute prostatits?

A

Nitrofurantion

43
Q

In a retractile testits where is it pulled into?

A

Supra-scrotal position

44
Q

What is the most common site for a ectopic descent?

A

superficial inguinal pouch

45
Q

What is the mc congenital abnormality of a male GU tract?

A

cryptorchidism

46
Q

What two things are complications of cryptochidism?

A

inguinal hernia

and torsion

47
Q

What is the most common cause of anterior urethral injury?

A

straddling

48
Q

What ruptures during a penile fracture?

A

tunica albuginea

49
Q

When is a surgery delayed for 3mo for what repair?

A

blunt anterior urethral injury

50
Q

What is the mc urologic finding in children?

A

VUR

51
Q

What is the test of choice for VUR?

A

Cystourethrogram VCUG

52
Q

What is the most common type of hydrocele?

A

idiopathic

53
Q

What is used to detect a hydrocele?

A

flashlight (transillumination)

54
Q

What is the dx of choice for hydrocele?

A

US

55
Q

How many years are children with asymptomatic hydrocele observed?

A

2 yrs

56
Q

What is the treatment of choice for hydrocele?

A

hydrocelectomy

57
Q

What type of varicocele is uncommon?

A

unilateral right varicocele

58
Q

Bags of worms?

A

Varicocele

59
Q

What is the test of choice for varicocele?

A

Ultrasound

60
Q

What is the test of choice for testicular torsion?

A

color doppler US

61
Q

What requires immediate surgical referral?

A

testicular torsion

62
Q

Blue dot

A

Torsion of appendix testicle

63
Q

Urinary spraying

A

urethral stricture

64
Q

Confirm dx in urethral stricture?

A

retrograde urethrogram

65
Q

What is the most common VUR in children?

A

Primary

66
Q

A communicating hydrocele has what type of fluid?

A

Peritoneal

67
Q

A non communicating hydrocele has what type of fluid?

A

Serous fluid

68
Q

What causes a hydrocele to transilluminates

A

Cystic structure

69
Q

What disorder has eggplant deformity? and what causes it?

A

Penile fracture

blood trapped in Buck’s fascia

70
Q

Grade 1 VUR

A

backs up into the ureters only w/o dilation

71
Q

Grade 2 VUR

A

urine fills ureters and the renal pelvis w/o dilation

72
Q

Grade 3 VUR

A

urine starts to stretch the ureters and the renal pelvis

73
Q

Grade 4 VUR

A

ureters become curvy; pelvis and calyces become distorted

74
Q

Grade 5 VUR

A

ureters and kidney swells up completely, leading to renal failure

75
Q

What is the alternative to VCUG?

A

Radionuclide cystogram

76
Q

Most common physical finding in infertile men?

A

Varicocele

77
Q

Uncommon side in varicocele?

A

unilateral right side

Renal (9 decks)

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