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Renal > Quiz 3 Highlights > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Highlights Flashcards

1
Q

Most common ECF buffer?

A

carbonic acid (H2CO3)

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2
Q

Most common ICF buffer?

A

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO) and proteins (albumin)

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3
Q

Main independent urinary buffer?

A

Hydrogen phosphate

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4
Q

Base is ?? related to pH?

A

directly

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5
Q

Acid is ?? related to pH?

A

inversely

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6
Q

Acidemia?

A

<7.35

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7
Q

Alkalema?

A

> 7.45

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8
Q

Anion gap is seen in?

A

metabolic acidosis

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9
Q

What is the normal range of anion gap?

A

6-12

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10
Q

Winter’s formula seen in ?

A

metabolic acidosis

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11
Q

Formula for winter’s formula?

A

pc02= (1.5 x HCO3-) + 8 +/-2

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12
Q

If actual pCO2 is greater than calculated?

A

respiratory acidosis

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13
Q

If actual pCO2 is less than calculated?

A

respiratory alkalosis

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14
Q

Hyperkalemia, drugs?

A

Respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

Stimulate ventilation?

A

Doxapram HCL

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16
Q

Anxiety, hyperventilation?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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17
Q

Hyperkalemia, Kussmal respirations (DKA)

A

metabolic acidosis

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18
Q

Normal gap with INCREASE in chloride and DECREASE in bicarb?

A

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

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19
Q

Third spacing?

A 
Lymph
Pleural
Peritoneal
Pericardium
CSF
GU
GI
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20
Q

Net movement of atoms from region of high to low

A

diffusion

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21
Q

movement of fluid through a selective permeable membrane from low to high

A

osmosis

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22
Q

pressure that is applied to stop osmosis from crossing membrane

A

osmotic pressure

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23
Q

Keeping fluid from leaving bv

A

hydrostatic pressure

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24
Q

pulling water into the bv

A

oncotic pressure

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25
Q

Most important protein for exerting oncotic pressure in bv?

A

Albumin

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26
Q

Osmolarity is based on

A

temperature and pressure

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27
Q

NA normal levels?

A

135-145

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28
Q

Chloride normal levels?

A

95-105

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29
Q

Without BUN?

A

Tonicity

30
Q

Potassium normal levels?

A

3.5-5.0

31
Q

Most abundant ECF electrolyte?

A

Sodium

32
Q

Most abundant ICF electrolyte?

A

Potassium

33
Q

Extracellular excitation

A

sodium

34
Q

intracellular excitation

A

potassium

35
Q

Most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized pts?

A

hyponatremia

36
Q

Most common hyponatremia?

A

hypotonic (90%)

37
Q

Pseudohyponatremia?

A

Isotonic hyponatremia

38
Q

Volume status?

A

hypotonic hyponatremia

39
Q

SIADH?

A

Euvolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

40
Q

Hypovolemic txt?

A

normal saline or lactated ringers

41
Q

Problem associated w/hypovolemic txt?

A

Central pontine myelinolysis (CMP)

42
Q

Cerebral edema?

A

hypernatremia

43
Q

Most common cause in developing countries of hypokalemia?

A

GI loss from infectious diarrhea

44
Q

Hypokalemia is most commonly seen what other electrolyte problem?

A

low magnesium

45
Q

Broaden T waves, Prominent U waves, PVCs?

A

Hypokalemia

46
Q

Txt for hypokalemia?

A

oral potassium

IV potassium <3.0

47
Q

Most common cause/factor in hyperkalemia?

A

impaired renal excretion of K+

48
Q

Fist clenching and Trousseau sign?

A

Hyperkalemia

49
Q

Peaked T waves, BBB?

A

hyperkalemia

50
Q

Txt for chronic hyperkalemia?

A

Patiromer (FDA approved K+ binder)

51
Q

Sodium polystyrene risk?

A

colonic necrosis

52
Q

What percent of americans are chronically dehydrated?

A

75%

53
Q

Minimum required water intake?

A

1600ml

54
Q

Most water is intaked through?

A

food

55
Q

Fluid loss that can be measured

A

Sensible loss

56
Q

Fluid loss that cannot be measured

A

Insensible loss

57
Q

Most at risk for dehydration?

A

elderly and infants

58
Q

Most commonly seen over 40s?

A

Hypovolemia

59
Q

Txt given first in hypovolemia?

A

oxygen

60
Q

The most common result of fluid overload?

A

CHF

61
Q

Txt for hypervolemia?

A

diuretic (Furosemide)

62
Q

Most common used products (crystalloids)

A

NS and LR (lactate ringer’s)

63
Q

Mixture w/ dispersed insoluble particles suspended throughout another substance

A

Colloids

64
Q

What are two colloids?

A

dextran and gelatin

65
Q

What are 4 disadvantages to colloids?

A

allergic rxn (anaphylaxis)
coagulation abnormalities-primary bleeding
Renal failure
Increase cost

66
Q

0-10 kg give ?

A

4ml

67
Q

11-20 kg give?

A

2 ml

68
Q

> 21 kg give?

A

1 ml

69
Q

Most abundant compartment on in the body?

A

intracellular (ICF)

70
Q

What is the difference between osmolality and tonicity?

A

BUN

71
Q

Black licorice

A

glycyrrhizinic acid

Renal (9 decks)

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