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Renal/Fluid and Electrolyte > Study Guide Exam #1 > Flashcards

Study Guide Exam #1 Flashcards

1
Q

discuss what a nurse caring for a pt with ESRD should be monitoring

A

Uremic frost, hypertension, generalized edema (anasarca), bleeding disorders, halitosis

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2
Q

what are expected finding in the ERSD pt

A

pruritus, confusion, restless leg syndrome, , fatigue, electrolyte imbalance

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3
Q

why is the hemodialysis, ESRD pt at risk for anemia

A

Decrease of erythropoetin. because the body doesn’t produce enough RBC’s. Fewer red blood cells means less oxygen is sent to the cells. Without enough oxygen, your tissues and organs have less energy to perform their jobs.

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4
Q

what is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis (hardening of capillaries)

A

a streptococcal infection (strep throat)

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5
Q

what is the tx for glomerulonephritis

A

antibiotics, loop diuretics, vasodilators, corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, dialysis

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6
Q

what does a skin and throat culture have to do with glomerulonephritis

A

detects group A beta hemolytic streptococcus, positive ASO titer

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7
Q

what lab test would you expect to see elevated in the glomerulonephritis

A

BUN, creatinine, ESR, WBC

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8
Q

what findings what I expect to see in the acute glomerulonephritis patient

A 
decreased urination, foamy urine from protein
smokey, cola or coffee colored urine
SOB
Crackles
periorbitaledema (eyes)
Hypertension 
anorexia
hemorrhage
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9
Q

what assessment finding/s would indicate a complication in your post-op TURP patient?

A

urethral trauma, urinary retention, bleeding, infection

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10
Q

what assessment finding would you expect to see that was normal in your post-op TURP pt

A

inability to pass urine, some pain, indwelling catheter in place , blood tinged urine, and tenderness

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11
Q

If the pt has the urge to urinate that has foley cath, what action are you taking first

A

I would make sure it’s placement was correct

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12
Q

discuss what you would be teaching on the prevention of UTI’s

A 
Wipe front to back (cleanest to dirty)
Void before and after sex
Don't hold in pee
Drink lots of fluids
Shower daily 
Wet bathing suits
No synthetic clothing
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13
Q

what are risk factors for UTI’s

A 
urosepsis if UTI not treated (shock and death)
being a female
frequent use of feminine hygiene spray
intercourse
hormal imblanaces
synthetic underwear
hot tubs
catheters
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14
Q

what is the diet plan for a pt that has nephrotic syndrome

A

low protein, low sodium, fat LOW

fruits, veggies, eggs, fish, wheat HIGH

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15
Q

besides hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria , what else would you expect to see in your nephrotic syndrome patient

A

edema
irritability, malaise, fatigue, anorexia, nausea
hyperlipidemia
oliguria

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16
Q

what foods are high in potassium

A

bananas, avocado, spinach, yogourt, sweet potato, raisins, tomatoes, all veggies

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17
Q

what drug class and drug use is pyridium

A

analgesic. to treat UTI symptoms

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18
Q

what color does pyridium turn your urine

A

reddish-orange

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19
Q

renal medulla is located where

A

in the renal pyramids.

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20
Q

name and be able to identify the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urethra, sphincter,

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21
Q

know what labs assess kidney function

A

BUN and creatine, GFR,

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22
Q

know the primary function of the kidney

A 
Blood filtration
Acid base balance
Maintain balance of homeostasis in body
Secretes renin and erythropoietin
Forms and stores urine
Eliminates electrolytes
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23
Q

what structure are the kidneys located behind

A

The peritoneum.

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24
Q

what foods are high in uric acid

A

Gravy, sardines, beer, organ meats such as liver, kidney, brains, game meats

25
Q

what is another name for kidney stones

A

urolithiasis or calculi

26
Q

why does spironolactone cause gynecomastia

A

blocks testosterone production.

27
Q

what is the post op directions your pt must follow after a IVP

A

push fluids

28
Q

what is the scope of practice for UAP’s

A

UAP’s have NO scope of practice, but can be trained in certain fields such as med passing.

29
Q

what are s/s of kidney stones?

A

severe flank pain that can radiate to the groin, diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting, blood in urine.

30
Q

what patient teaching will you be doing in the urolithiasis pt

A

The diet: decreased protein, sodium, calcium.

Avoid high phosphate foods.

drink fluids, ambulation, strain urine if stone will not pass

31
Q

what is a primary medical management goal in the pt who has kidney stones

A

Pain

32
Q

what are the symptoms of interstitial cystitis

A

interstitial means the lining that gets inflamed. suprapubic pain. a chronic painful bladder condition. pain during pee, sexual intercourse. Urge to pee often.

33
Q

what foods and drinks are you advising your pt with interstitial cystitis to avoid

A

alcohol, Avoid aged, canned, cured, processed, and smoked meats and fish. Avoid spicy foods. Avoid acidic foods and drinks. Avoid anything with artificial sweeteners such as aspartame.

34
Q

what drug class and use is Ditropan

A

urinary antispasmodics. reduces muscle spasms of the bladder and urinary tract.

35
Q

what specific symptom can be contributed to a UTI in the elderly patient that should not be taken lightly?

A

confusion. risk for bacteremia, sepsis, and shock.

36
Q

what risk factors make the ERSD pt an unlikely candidate for a kidney transplant

A

chronic infections. a drinker, a smoker. Anyone with a bad diet.

37
Q

what lab tests are elevated in the renal pt with disease

A

BUN and creatinine.

38
Q

what s/s would you expect to see in the CRF pt

A

Lethargy, seizures, coma, tremors, ataxia.

hypertension, peripheral edema.

uremic halitosis, tachypnea

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

polyuria, oliguria, anuria, proteinuria, poor turger.

39
Q

what foods/drinks contain phosphorus that your CRF should avoid

A

animal products, dairy, gravy, white and whole grain bread, nuts.

40
Q

what technique should you use to assess the patency of an AV graft use for hemodialysis

A

palpate - “thrill”. auscultate - “bruit”. check distal pulses, and circulation.

41
Q

what is the s/s of dialysis disequilibrium

A

nausea, vomiting, change in level of consciousness, seizures, and agitation.

42
Q

what is a serious complication of having peritoneal dialysis

A

peritonitis, infection at the access site, protein loss, hyperglycemia and lipidemia, poor inflow and outflow, cloudy urine.

43
Q

what assessment finding would you indicate if your pt has peritonitis

A

infection. obtain CandS and gram stain if suspected

44
Q

what is your post op interventions/assessments in the renal biopsy pt

A

monitor dressing site, VS, urine output, H and H levels for 24 hours. Flank pain. Watch signs for internal bleeding. Bed rest in supine position with a back roll. Monitor for hematuria, and medicate for pain.

45
Q

why is potassium decreased after having hemodialysis

A

Instead of having two kidneys continuously filtering out excess water, potassium, sodium and poisonous waste products, you have an artificial kidney, which filters these substances only for several hours and only three times per week. DIALYSIS

46
Q

what is the nephrons job in the kidney

A

It is the filtering unit of the kidneys. Functioning unit.

47
Q

what is the glomeruluses job within the kidney

A

the components that carry out the primary filtering action of the kidney. filters the blood

48
Q

what are the normal components in urine

A

nitrogenious waste. nitrogen, urea, concentration urea 9.3 g/L, chloride 1.87 g/L, sodium 1.17 g/L, potassium 0.750 g/L, creatinine 0.670 g/L and other dissolved ions, inorganic and organic compounds (proteins, hormones, metabolites).

49
Q

what is the purpose of the kidneys producing renin

A

which sense changes in renal perfusion pressure, via stretch receptors in the vascular walls

Renin increases BP

50
Q

what is the most common cause of pyelonephritis

A

E. Coli

51
Q

what is the s/s of pyelonephritis

A

urinary tract infection, cloudy urine, foul smelling urine, frequent urge to urinate, frequent urination, or blood in urine, chills, fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, or malaise, nausea, vomiting, fast HR

52
Q

how would you describe what pyelonephritis was in simple terms to your patient

A

It is a type of UTI that affects both kidneys.

53
Q

discuss how the urine leaves the body after production formation from kidneys

A

Before leaving your body, urine travels through the urinary tract. … kidneys: two bean-shaped organs that filter waste from the blood and produce urine. ureters: two thin tubes that take pee from the kidney to the bladder. bladder: a sac that holds pee until it’s time to go to the bathroom.

54
Q

describe why you would find glucose in a patients urine

A

For someone who is a diabetic

55
Q

what is the goal for both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis can sustain life for clients who have bot acute and chronic kidney disease

56
Q

what is your post op priority care in the renal anagiography pt

A

monitor for bleeding from catheter insertion site, monitor for hematoma, VS, bedrest 4-6 hours with legs extended, push fluids post procedure and assess pedal pulses

57
Q

why would a CRF patient need amphrogel and antacid

A

Binds to phosphate.

58
Q

what is the drug class and use of Proscar and what types of pt take the med?

A

an alpha inhibiter and it is used treat BPH

59
Q

what is septra

A

antibiotics used for UTI. bacterial infections

Renal/Fluid and Electrolyte (3 decks)

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