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Renal/Fluid and Electrolyte > Exam #2 PowerPoint Questions > Flashcards

Exam #2 PowerPoint Questions Flashcards

1
Q

acid

A

one type of compound that contains the hydrogen ion

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2
Q

anascara

A

severe generalized edema

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3
Q

anion

A

a negatively charged ion

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4
Q

ascites

A

an excess amount of peritoneal fluid

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5
Q

base

A

compound that contains the hydroxyl ion

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6
Q

buffer

A

chemical system set up to resist changes, particularly in hydrogen ion levels

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7
Q

cation

A

A positively charged ion

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8
Q

dehydration

A

excessive loss of water

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9
Q

diffusion

A

being widely spread

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10
Q

edema

A

the excess accumulation of fluid in interstitial (tissue) spaces

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11
Q

electrolyte

A

found in the form of inorganic salts, acids, and base. AKA ions

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12
Q

feedback

A

the relaying of information about a given condition to the appropriate organ or system.

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13
Q

filtration

A

the transport of water and dissolved materials through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

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14
Q

hypertonic

A

Stronger solutions, compared with those on the opposing side of a membrane

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15
Q

hypotonic

A

Weaker solutions, compared with an opposing solution

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16
Q

insensible

A

not perceptible to the senses. water loss

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17
Q

interstitial

A

fluid is found between cells

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18
Q

intravascular

A

fluid is the watery fluid in blood known as plasma

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19
Q

ion

A

An atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons

20
Q

isotonic

A

Solutions exerting equal pressures on opposite sides of a membrane

21
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of a pure solvent, such as water, across a semipermeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient

22
Q

permeability

A

The ability of a membrane to allow molecules to pass through

23
Q

salt

A

ombination of a base and an acid and is created when the positive ions (usually a mineral) of a base replace the positive hydrogen ions of an acid.

24
Q

solute

A

is the substance dissolved

25
Q

solvent

A

a liquid that dissolves substances

26
Q

third-space (fluid)

A

the excess accumulation of fluid in interstitial (tissue) spaces

27
Q

homeostasis

A

process in which the body maintains balance

28
Q

negative feedback

A

body reverses an original stimulus to regain balance

ex blood pressure

29
Q

positive feedback

A

body enhances original stimulus to make deviation greater

ex woman in labor or blood clotting when we are injured

30
Q

fx of water

A

transportation of nutrients, electrolytes, and O2

excretion of waste from the cells

acid base balance

regulation of temperature

31
Q

Normal intake methods

A

Liquid
Food
Metabolism of food

32
Q

Normal output

A

Skin
Lungs
Kidneys
Feces

33
Q

First sign we need fluid

A

Thirst by hypothalamus

34
Q

Pituitary gland releases:

A

ADH in response to low blood volume or increase in plasma sodium

35
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system

A

controls fluid volume

36
Q

ANP

A

Released by the heart to correct overload by promoting renal excretion of water

37
Q

6 electrolytes

A 
calcium
sodium
potassium
magnesium
chloride
phosphorus
38
Q

what does sodium do

A

promotes water retention

39
Q

when is ADH secreted

A

when there is a decrease in ECF or increase in osmolalty

40
Q

aldosterone comes from and what does it do

A

adrenal cortex. promotes sodium, chloride, and water reabsorption in the kidneys

41
Q

renin comes from where and does what

A

secreted by the kidney in response to low BP. Promotes vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex

42
Q

RAA system

A 
Hypovolemia -->
Renin -->
Angiotensinogen -->
Angiotensin I -->
Angiotensin II -->
-retention of Na+ by kidney
-water retention by kidney
-salt appetite
-increased drinking
-increased blood pressure
43
Q

lymphatics

A

promotes return of water and protein from interstitial space to vascular space

44
Q

skin

A

excretes 300-500ml o water daily through perspiration (insensible)

45
Q

lungs

A

excretes 400-500 ml of water daily through breathings (insensible)

46
Q

kidneys

A

excretes 1000-1500ml of water daily

47
Q

elevated BUN means

A

intravascular depletion

Renal/Fluid and Electrolyte (3 decks)

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