Study Guide Exam 1

Question 1

Interpersonal Communication

Answer 1

Its dyadic, treats people as unique and changing entities, includes notions of self and others, its a practice

Question 2

Interpersonal Communication Definition

Answer 2

A continuous, transactional process involving participants who occupy different but overlapping environments and create meaning and relationships through the exchange of messages, many of which are affected by external, physiological, and psychological noise.

Question 3

Quantitative Interpersonal Communication

Answer 3

Includes any interaction between two people, usually face-to-face.

Question 4

Qualitative Interpersonal Communication

Answer 4

Occurs when people treat one another as unique individuals, regardless of the context in which the interaction occurs or the number of people involved.

Question 5

What is quality interpersonal communication? How can we say someone is practicing
quality?

Answer 5

The impersonal nature of some two people’s exchanges and the personal nature of others have led some scholars to argue that quality, not quantity, is what distinguishes interpersonal communication.
Ex: how you see someone as an individual.

Question 6

interpersonal communication linear

Answer 6

a one-way process from sender to receiver.
Sender encodes message channel receiver decodes noise

Question 7

interpersonal communication-interactional

Answer 7

It refers to the various ways people are directly involved with each other and communicating.
This is mostly dealing with social relationships.

Question 8

interpersonal communication-transactional

Answer 8

A characterization of communication as the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages in an ongoing, irreversible process.
Sending and receiving from both sides
This mostly deals with more professional interactions and sharing of skills and knowledge.

Question 9

environmental noise

Answer 9

also known as external noise, anything from the environment that can effect the communication at hand

Question 10

psychological noise

Answer 10

Forces within that interfere with the ability to understand a message accurately.
Ex: someone might get so upset, that they fail the task at hand.

Question 11

physiological noise

Answer 11

involves biological factors that interfere with accurate reception
Ex: illness, fatigue, hearing loss

Question 12

Perception

Answer 12

We actively interpret the world as we experience it.
It is a process, not a thing.
Perceptions are like looking through a lens, not a window.
Sensory information

Question 13

Sub Process of Perception

Answer 13

Selection
Organization
Interpretation
Negotiation

Question 14

Perception: Selection

Answer 14

The way we choose what to pay attention to at a given time.
Selective Exposure
Selective Attention
Selective Perception
Selective Retention

Question 15

Perception: Organization

Answer 15

Once we select the cues to pay attention to we put them into meaningful patterns.
A Gestalt: A structured or organized chunk of perceptions.

Question 16

Perception: Interpretation

Answer 16

To conclude, judge, go beyond the information
This is a process of reasoning
Attributes: developing a reason for another person’s behavior
Dispositional Attributions: Reasons that we associate with someone’s personality
Situational Attributions: Reasons that we associate with the situation or circumstances often outside a person’s control.

Question 17

Perception: Negotiation

Answer 17

The sense making that occurs between and among people as they influence one another’s perceptions and try to achieve a shared perspective. Fourth stage in the perception process

Question 18

Risks of Self Disclosure

Answer 18

-Could be used against you
-Can lead to invalidation
-Can be mis-represented to others
-Loss of influence
-Loss of control
-Interpersonal offense

Question 19

Benefits of Self Disclosure

Answer 19

-Develops a sense of intimacy/connectedness
-Catharsis
-The release of pent up emotions and feelings
-Develops trust
-Notes pos/neg spirals
-Successive statements that lead to either positive or negative feelings about the relationship or the other person
-Norm of reciprocity

Question 20

Self Disclosure

Answer 20

-Willingly making known to others information about one’s self
-Can occur unintentionally also
-Clothing/ Artifacts/ hairstyles
- Out of context statements
- Second hand information

Question 21

Cognitive conservatism

Answer 21

The tendency to seek and attend to information that conforms to an existing self-concept.

Question 22

communication competence

Answer 22

The ability to accomplish one’s personal goals in a manner that maintains a relationship on terms that are acceptable to all parties.

Question 23

Collectivist Culture

Answer 23

members rely on the context (such as distance between and positions of bodies, eye contact, gestures, tones of voice) more than in the content of communications.

Question 24

individualistic cultures

Answer 24

Communicating in direct styles-they say what they mean, prioritizing that information is conveyed explicitly and unambiguously.

Question 25

High-Context Culture

Answer 25

Cultures that avoid the direct use of language, relying instead on the context of a message to convey meaning

Question 26

Low-Context Culture

Answer 26

Cultures that use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as directly as possible

Question 27

How do
different cultural orientations potentially affect perceptions?

Answer 27

Cultural differences influence perceptions by creating live experiences that teach certain beliefs, values, behaviors, and communication styles. These differences influence the way that people view the world around them.

Question 28

Different Perceptual Barriers

Answer 28

• Personal Experiences
• Beliefs
• Preferences
• Triggers and Cues

Question 29

How does culture influence perception?

Answer 29

Creating lived experiences that teach certain beliefs, values, behaviors, and communication styles. These differences influence the way that people view the world around them.
Another definition:
Cultural perception is how an individual’s culture affects the way he or she sees the world.

Question 30

Intrapersonal Process

Answer 30

Interpersonal communication happens between two or more people, while intrapersonal communication is done with oneself.

Question 31

Self

Answer 31

Is the overall identity potential of a person. It includes elements of our person that are yet to occur, be created, envisioned, and invented.

Question 32

Self Concept

Answer 32

is our semi-rigid notion of who we are. Includes other’s perceptions of who we are but is not defined solely by other’s perceptions

Question 33

Ethnocentrism

Answer 33

The attitude that one’s own culture is superior to others

Question 34

Influences on Perception

Answer 34

-Access to information
-Physiological Influences
-Cultural Differences
- Social Rules

Question 35

Social Rules

Answer 35

• Gender roles
  -Occupational Roles
  -Relational Roles

Question 36

Reflected Appraisal

Answer 36

Describe a person’s perception of how others see and evaluate him or her. Concludes that people come to think of themselves in the way they believe others think of them.

Question 37

social comparison theory

Answer 37

There is a primitive drive within individuals to compare themselves with others to evaluate their own opinions and abilities

Question 38

Negotiation of identity and meaning

Answer 38

A much broader set of processes through which people strike a balance achieving their interaction goals and satisfying their identity-related goals.

Question 39

Content Messages

Answer 39

involves the information being explicitly discussed

Question 40

Relational Messages

Answer 40

Expresses how you feel about the other person.

Question 41

figure/ground

Answer 41

A figure is what you are paying attention to.
the ground is the functional context within which the figure exists

Question 42

perceptual constancy

Answer 42

the tendency to see things/people as we once did, a type of reification, to treat something as static

Question 43

schemata

Answer 43

a scheme is a plan or map, a knowledge structure about how things should work or be

Question 44

script

Answer 44

A behavior representation of a scheme