Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology II > Study Guide- Exam 1 > Flashcards

Study Guide- Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Planning

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Equilibrium

A

Mid-brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Posture

A

Brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Execution

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Characteristics of voluntary movement

A

Dominated by flexors, initiated by UMN and go thru lateral region of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characteristics of involuntary movement

A

Dominated by extensors, controlled by UMN that end in the medial region of spinal cord, longer term contraction of larger muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lateral pathways

A

Voluntary movement of distal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ventromedial pathways

A

Posture and locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 descending tracts that originate from the brainstem

A

Vestibulospinal, Reticulospinal, Rubrospinal, and Tectospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the difference between the signs produced by basal ganglia and the cerebellum?

A

Basal ganglia have contralateral signs & cerebellar have ipsilateral signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dopamine is

A

Inhibitory; substantia nigra to caudate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acetylcholine is

A

Excitatory; cortex to putamen & caudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GABA is

A

Inhibitory; caudate and putamen to globus pallidus and substantia nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Origin of vestibulospinal tract

A

Vestibular nuclear complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of vestibulospinal tract

A

Produce compensatory adjustments to postural disturbances & maintain antigravity muscle tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where to the vestibulospinal tract axons synapse at

A

Medial regioin of gray spinal cord matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Signs produced by lesions to the vestibulospinal tract

A

Loss of antigravity muscle tone, postural destabilization, vestibular ataxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Origin of reticulospinal tract

A

Reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Function of reticulospinal tract

A

Control proximal and axial muscles & locomotion, reaching, and posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Signs of lesions on the reticulospinal tract

A

Lack of anticipatory adaption, increased reflex activity, impaired motor movement, abnormal posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Origin of tectospinal tract

A

Rostral colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do the axons of the tectospinal tract synapse at?

A

Medial region of gray matter in spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

Control the movements of the head muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract originate from

A

Red nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where do the axons of the rubrospinal tract synapse at?

A

Lateral region of the gray spinal cord matter

26
Q

What does the rubrospinal tract allow the motor cortices to do?

A

Indirectly influence spinal LMNs and distal muscles

27
Q

Function of the rubrospinal tract

A

Controls flexors of distal limbs and skilled movements of extremities

28
Q

Signs of lesions to the rubrospinal tract

A

Ataxia, distal movement impairment

29
Q

List the main steps in the lateral corticospinal tract pathway

A

1) alpha motor neuron signaled by descending UMN or sensory interneurons

2) LMNs cause extrafusal muscle fibers to contract

30
Q

Signs of lesions to the lateral corticospinal tract

A

Inability to move lips and tongue, muscle weakness in forelimbs, conscious proprioceptive deficit, spastic paralysis

31
Q

Function of premotor area in cerebral cortex

A

Movement patterns

32
Q

Function of supplementary motor area

A

Bilateral movements, fixation movements

33
Q

Motor cortex inputs

A

Somatosensory, visual, auditory, frontal

34
Q

Main funtion of corticospinal tract

A

Fine tuned movement

35
Q

Parkinson’s disease can be attributed to

A

An injury/lesion to the basal ganglia

36
Q

Name the 4 parts of the basal ganglia

A

Striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus

37
Q

Corpus striatum afferents

A

Premotor and supplemental motor cortex areas, somatosensory cortex, substantia nigra

38
Q

Corpus striatum efferents

A

Globus pallidus eventually back to cortex

39
Q

Globus pallidus afferents

A

From striatum to subthalamus

40
Q

Globus pallidus efferents

A

To substantia nigra, subthalamus, thalamus, rf

41
Q

Muscle spindle detects….

A

Muscle length

42
Q

Golgi tendon organ detects…

A

Muscle tension

43
Q

The myotatic/stretch reflex’s main goal is to…

A

Inhibit motor neurons to the flexors

44
Q

5 parts of a reflex arc

A

1) receptor

2) afferent neuron

3) interneuron (CNS)

4) efferent neuron

5) effector organ

45
Q

The withdrawal reflex inhibits_____ and excites_____

A

Extensors, flexors

46
Q

What do you want to see during the crossed-extensor reflex (a part of withdrawal reflex)?

A

Extension of the contralateral limb to support anima when an extremity is flexed

47
Q

Steps in the medial lemniscus pathway

A

1) cutaneous receptors
2) spinal cord via dorsal root
3) fasilicus cuneatus and gracilis
4) decussate at medulla; form medial lemniscus
5) thalamus
6) cortex

48
Q

What does the medial lemniscus pathway do

A

Carries info about touch to brain

49
Q

Steps in the spinothalamic pathway

A

1) Ascend one or two ipsilateral spinal cord segments

2) decussate to opposite side of spinal cord

3) ascend to thalamus

50
Q

Lateral spinothalamic tract conveys

A

Pain and temp

51
Q

Medial spinothalamic tract conveys

A

Crude touch

52
Q

Spinocerebellar pathway conveys

A

Proprioception

53
Q

The dorsal tract of the spinocerebellar pathway ascend to

A

Ipsilateral cerebellum

54
Q

Ventral tract of spinocerebellar pathway ascend to

A

Contralateral and ipsilateral cerebellum

55
Q

Function of spinoreticular pathway

A

Convey deep and chronic pain

56
Q

4 steps to sensation

A

1) stimulation

2) transduction

3) conduction

4) perception

57
Q

Phasic receptors ______ with constant stimulus

A

Decrease

58
Q

What are two major differences between phasic and tonic receptors

A

Phasic have sensory adaptation while tonic lack sensory adaption; tonic receptors maintain constant firing rate ass long as stimulus is applied

59
Q

Pain nociceptors have _____ fiber sensory neurons

A

C

60
Q

Damaged cells release

A

ATP, bradykinin, and substance p

61
Q

Fast pain characteristics

A

A delta, group II and III fibers; precisely localized, rapid onset and offest

62
Q

Slow pain

A

C fibers; poorly localized

Physiology II (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions