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Forensic Science > Study Guide Blood Unit > Flashcards

Study Guide Blood Unit Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four major components of blood?

A

Plasma, Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets

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2
Q

What is plasma?

A

a liquid suspending other blood components

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3
Q

Plasma percentage?

A

55%

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4
Q

What is another word for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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5
Q

Red blood cells function?

A

carries oxygen to the body’s cells and carbon dioxide away

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6
Q

Red blood cell percentage?

A

44%

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7
Q

What is another word for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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8
Q

White blood cells function?

A

fights disease and foreign invaders and, alone, contain cell nuclei

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9
Q

White blood cell percentage?

A

Less than 1%?

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10
Q

Platelets function

A

aids in blood clotting and the repair of damaged vessels

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11
Q

Platelets percentage?

A

1%?

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12
Q

If hair color has the alleles B and b where (B) is dominant and black hair and (b) is recessive and blonde hair, give the genotype and phenotype for the following: Homozygous dominant

A

BB, black hair

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13
Q

If hair color has the alleles B and b where (B) is dominant and black hair and (b) is recessive and blonde hair, give the genotype and phenotype for the following: heterozygous

A

Bb, black hair

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14
Q

If hair color has the alleles B and b where (B) is dominant and black hair and (b) is recessive and blonde hair, give the genotype and phenotype for the following: homozygous recessive

A

bb, blonde hair

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15
Q

What percentage of offspring would have type O blood from the following cross: IAIi x IAIi

A

25%

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16
Q

Blood as class evidence

A

Blood typing

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17
Q

Blood as individual evidence

A

DNA profiling

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18
Q

A+ and A- blood type: antigens present

A

A antigen

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19
Q

A+ and A- blood type: antibodies made

A

Anti B

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20
Q

A+ blood type: can receive what blood types?

A

A+, A-, O+, O-

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21
Q

A+ blood type: can donate to what blood types?

A

A+, AB+

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22
Q

A- blood type: can receive what blood types?

A

A-, O-

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23
Q

A- blood type: can donate to what blood types?

A

A+, A-, AB+, AB-

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24
Q

O+ and O- blood type: antigens present

A

N/A

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25
Q

O+ and O- blood type: antibodies made

A

Anti A and Anti B

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26
Q

O+ blood type: can receive what blood types?

A

O+, O-

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27
Q

O+ blood type: can donate to what blood types?

A

O+, A+, B+, AB+

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28
Q

O- blood type: can receive what blood types?

A

O-

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29
Q

O- blood type: can donate to what blood types?

A

All

30
Q

AB+ and AB- blood type: antigens present

A

A+B antigens

31
Q

AB+ and AB- blood type: antibodies made

A

None

32
Q

AB+ blood type: can receive what blood types?

A

All

33
Q

AB+ blood type: can donate to what blood types?

A

AB+

34
Q

AB- blood type: can receive what blood types?

A

AB-, A-, B-, O-

35
Q

AB- blood type: can donate to what blood types?

A

AB+, AB-

36
Q

Genotype

A

the genetic makeup (i.e. the combination of alleles for each particular gene

37
Q

Phenotype

A

the physical traits exhibited by an organism (observable)

38
Q

Rh factor

A

a protein occurring on the red blood cells of many humans (around 85%)

39
Q

Cohesion

A

the attraction to molecules to itself

40
Q

Adhesion

A

the attraction between molecules of unlike substances

41
Q

Presumptive blood test

A

indicates a substance is present, not specific

42
Q

Confirmatory blood test

A

confirm a substance is present, specific

43
Q

False positive

A

an error in which as test result is incorrect. Ex. a false positive in presence of cauliflower or broccoli

44
Q

Transfer pattern

A

any pattern that occurs when a bloody object or surface comes in contact with another object or surface

45
Q

Wipe

A

occurs when an object moves through and disturbs wet blood that has already been deposited on a surface

46
Q

Swipe

A

occurs when a bloody object moves across a clean surface and deposits blood on that surface

47
Q

Skeletonization

A

Dark ring around blood drop, starts drying at perimeter. Note: wiping thorough blood at different times gives different skeletonization

48
Q

Spiking patterns

A

form around the droplet edges when blood falls onto a less than smooth surface

49
Q

Satellite drops

A

when blood falls from a height, or at a high velocity

50
Q

Blood flow

A

High elevation to low elevation, shows if a body has been moved

51
Q

Blood shapes: air vs surfaces

A

Air: Blood droplets travel through the air in the shape of a sphere. They do not move in the shape of a teardrop. Adhesion.

Surfaces: The shape of an individual drop provides clues to the direction of where the blood originated. The farther the distance, the larger the stain. Cohesion.

52
Q

What is the percent of the US population has type A?

A

42%

53
Q

What is the percent of the US population has type B?

A

12%

54
Q

What is the percent of the US population has type AB?

A

3%

55
Q

What is the percent of the US population that has type O?

A

43%

56
Q

How are the distance travelled and width of blood spatter related?

A

The farther the distance, the larger the stain.

57
Q

What is a scalloped edge and what can investigators learn from it?

A

a form of edge pattern, not related to the distance fallen, the higher the height that a droplet falls, the more exaggerated and elongated the scalloping will be

58
Q

Kastle Meyer positive indicator

A

It turns pink

59
Q

Kastle Meyer important notes/limitations

A

1:1000 on dried stains, can weed out false positive between steps 1 and 2, false positive: cauliflower or broccoli, will not detect animal or human blood

60
Q

Leucomalachite Green positive indicator

A

It turns deep blue green/malachite green

61
Q

Leucomalachite Green important notes/limitations

A

1:1000 chemical oxidents, vegetable oeroxidoses, will not detect differences in animal or human blood

62
Q

Hemastix positive indicator

A

It goes from orange to greenish blue

63
Q

Hemastix important notes/limitations

A

0.015-0.062 MG/OL. Will not detect differences in animal or human blood

64
Q

Luminol positive indicator

A

It has a blue glow

65
Q

Luminol important notes/limitations

A

1:10,000,000. Will not detect differences in human or animal blood, mostly used in crime scene, can dilute stain, used more for blood spatter

66
Q

Velocity vs impact force

A

Velocity: speed and direction of the blood spatter

Impact Force: force describes impact. A force that delivers a shock or high impact in a relatively short period of time

67
Q

Cast off pattern

A

Shows where a person was standing (suspect/assailant), does not indicate what weapon is used

68
Q

Area of convergence

A

the location of the blood source. The area containing the intersections generated by lines drawn through the long axes of individual stains that indicates in two dimensions the location of the blood source.

Two dimensional

69
Q

Blood trail pattern

A

shows directionality (one end if the blood drop more scalloped than the other), shows movement of the victim

70
Q

Arterial bleeding pattern

A

typically found on walls or ceilings and are caused by the pumping action of the heart

71
Q

Blood pool pattern

A

Pools of blood form around a victim who is bleeding and remains in one place. If victim is moved, may appear to be droplets or swipes/wipes connecting first location to second.

72
Q

Angle of impact

A

The angle at which a blood drop strikes a surface

Forensic Science (8 decks)

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