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BECOM II Exam III > STUDY GUIDE > Flashcards

STUDY GUIDE Flashcards

1
Q

Trace blood flow through the kidney

A

Renal, segmental, interlobar, accurate, interlobular, afferent, glomerulus, efferent

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2
Q

Which have the darker lumen PCT or DCT

A

PCT

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3
Q

What embryological gives rise to the urogenital system

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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4
Q

What is the effect of hypertension of Kf

A

Thickens membrane

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5
Q

What is the effect of PTH

A

PCT- decrease PO4 reabsorption

DCT- increase Ca2+ reabsorption

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6
Q

How to stimulate renin secretion

A

Low BP
Low Na
High B1 adrenergic stimulation

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7
Q

What is the equation for filtration fraction

A

FF=GFR/[RPF]

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8
Q

What is the equation for GFR

A

Kf x (Pbc - PBS - COP)

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9
Q

What is the effect of adenosine

A

Constriction of AA

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10
Q

What is the effect of ANP

A

Dialation of AA, constrictions of EA

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11
Q

What does angiotensin do to ADH

A

Causes a release

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12
Q

What is the effect of angiotensin on mesangeal cells

A

Causes them to contract and reduce Kf

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13
Q

What is renins arch nemesis

A

ANP

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14
Q

What happens to GFR of burn patient

A

Increases

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15
Q

Where is NHE3

A

PCT and TAL

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16
Q

Where is NBC-1

A

Pct

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17
Q

Where is the OAT transporter

A

PCT

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18
Q

What is the primary place for production of ammonia

A

PCT

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19
Q

What is the response to acidosis

A

Uptake of glutamine to create ammonia

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20
Q

What is the equation of filtration load

A

GFR x [plasma conc]

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21
Q

What is the equation for RPF

A

Cpah/ .9

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22
Q

What are opioid users at risk of

A

Right side tricuspid valve endocarditis

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23
Q

mannitol and glycerol are examples of

A

Loop diuretics, filtered but not absorbed, slows down water reabsorption

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24
Q

What does flouresimide inhibit

A

NKCC, leads to hypocalcemia and hyokalemia

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25
Thiazides cause ________ because it inhibits NCC
Hypercalcemia
26
_________ can result from hypokalemia
Hypomagnesium
27
Intracellular ____ binds and partially inactive ROMMK
Mg++
28
TRPM6 is stimulated by
EGF
29
ENAC is inhibited by
ANP
30
What does enduring do
Exchanges HCO3- and Cl-
31
What upregulates ENAC
Insulin, ADH, catecholamines, tubular glow, Ang II
32
Water follows salt if _____ is present
ADH
33
What does progesterone block
Aldosterone
34
Manitou, urea, and glucose are examples of
Osmotic diuretics
35
Hyperkalemia results in an _______ in excitability
Increase
36
Insulin can be used as an emergency treatment for
Hyperkalemia
37
Hypocalcemia results in an ______ in excitability
Increase
38
GI fluid loss, or hemorrhage causes
Isosmotic dehydration
39
Diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidous, and alcoholism cause
Hypersomsotic dehydration
40
A loss of nacl (aldosterone deficiency)
Hyposomotic dehydration
41
Caused by an admistratio n of large volume of isotonic nacl and edema
Isosmotic overhydration
42
Caused by intake of large amounts of hypertonic fluid
Hyperosmotic overhydration
43
Caused by excessive intake of water or inappropriate ADH secretion
Hyposmotic overhydration
44
What is a common symptom seen in CHF
Hyponatremia
45
ADH increases _______ and _______ reabsorption
Water and salt
46
Urine specific gravity does not work in
Uncontrolled diabetes
47
What are the effects of acidosis on glucoseneogensis
Increases, also increases SN1 transporter
48
What is the plan of ammonia
9
49
Breakdown of glutamine produces
2 ammonia, 2 HCO3-
50
What is the effect of metabolic alkalosis on K
Hypokalemia
51
High BP can lead to metabolic
Alkalosis
52
Eczema is mediated by what
IgE
53
Spherocytes in blood is mediated by
Antibody
54
Hemolytic anemia and goodpasture are
Cytotoxic
55
Which peanut allergy is most common
H2
56
Serum sickness is what kind of sensitivity
Type III
57
Chronic graft reactions are what kind fo sensitivity
Type IV
58
SLE is mediated by
Type III
59
What is Arthur’s reaction caused by
DPT/tetanus
60
Type IV is driven by what T helper cells
Th1 and Th17
61
What has strongest HLA class I association
Sky losing spondylitis
62
Celiac disease is associated with what deficiency
Selective IgA
63
What is MS treated with
IFN gamma
64
How do you differentiate crohns and celiacs disease
Improvement in gluten diet in celiac
65
Swelling is a common occurrence in
Necrosis
66
Blebbing is seen in
Apoptosis
67
How do cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill cells
Granny me B
68
Most important catalyst of phase I runs
Cytochrome P450
69
Ringed sideroblasts in blood
Pb posioning
70
Accumulation of lipids in the brain
Mercury
71
Interferes with ox phos
Arsenic
72
Itai itai is caused by
Cadmium
73
Burn sites are ideal for
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
74
Ionizing radiation leads to
Fibrosis
75
Defective CD 40
Hyper IgM
76
Defective AID
Hyper IgM
77
Defective Th17
Hyper IgE
78
What does IL-2 do
Colonial expansion of T cells and increases macrophages
79
IFN gamma promotes class switch to
IgG
80
IL-4 class switch to
IgE
81
Athletes foot induces
Th17
82
What are the pro inflammatory cytokines
IL1, IL6, TNF, IL8
83
What allows medullary thymus cells to express cell antigens
AIRE
84
Hyperacute is mediated by
Antibodies
85
Vascular thrombosis is what type of hypersensitivity
Type II
86
GVHD is what type of hypersensitivity
Type IV
87
TFG-B induces class switch to
IgA
88
When is RAG/TDT expressed
Heavy-both | Light-RAG
89
What do Igalpha and Ig Beta signal
Stop of heavy change rearrangement
90
What deficiency would you expect with no RAG
No B or T cells
91
No NK cells, B cells, Tcells
AID deficiency
92
What occurs in dark zone
SHM CSR proliferate
93
Where are CTLA-4 expressed and what do they bind to
T cells and CD80/86 with higher affinity than CD28
94
What are the side effects of checkpoint inhibitors
Hypersensitivites
95
Too many Tregs is indicative of
Cancer
96
What embryological gives rise to the urogenital system
Intermediate mesoderm
97
What is the effect of hypertension of Kf
Thickens membrane
98
What is the effect of PTH
PCT- decrease PO4 reabsorption | DCT- increase Ca2+ reabsorption
99
How to stimulate renin secretion
Low BP Low Na High B1 adrenergic stimulation
100
What is the equation for filtration fraction
FF=GFR/[RPF]
101
What is the equation for GFR
Kf x (Pbc - PBS - COP)
102
What is the effect of adenosine
Constriction of AA
103
What is the effect of ANP
Dialation of AA, constrictions of EA
104
What does angiotensin do to ADH
Causes a release
105
What is the effect of angiotensin on mesangeal cells
Causes them to contract and reduce Kf
106
What is renins arch nemesis
ANP
107
What happens to GFR of burn patient
Increases
108
Where is NHE3
PCT and TAL
109
Where is NBC-1
Pct
110
Where is the OAT transporter
PCT
111
What is the primary place for production of ammonia
PCT
112
What is the response to acidosis
Uptake of glutamine to create ammonia
113
What is the equation of filtration load
GFR x [plasma conc]
114
What is the equation for RPF
Cpah/ .9
115
What are opioid users at risk of
Right side tricuspid valve endocarditis
116
mannitol and glycerol are examples of
Loop diuretics, filtered but not absorbed, slows down water reabsorption
117
What does flouresimide inhibit
NKCC, leads to hypocalcemia and hyokalemia

BECOM II Exam III (5 decks)

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