Renal System Development and Glo F

Question 1

What are the three nephrite structures of development

Answer 1

1. Pronephros
2. Mesenephros
3. Metanephros

Question 2

A portion of the urogenital ridge forms the ________ _________, which gives rise to the urinary system

Answer 2

Nephrogenic cord

Question 3

Which set of nephrotic development is no function

Answer 3

Pronephros

Question 4

What nephrotic development results in the permanent kidney

Answer 4

Metnephros

Question 5

When does the pronephros appear

Answer 5

In the early 4th week

Question 6

Pronephric ducts open into the _______.

Answer 6

Cloaca

Question 7

What empty’s into the cloaca

Answer 7

Hindgut and allantois

Question 8

What is the only part of the pronephros that persists

Answer 8

The pronephric ducts

Question 9

What does the mesonephros consist of

Answer 9

1. Glomeruli
2. Mesonephric tubules
3. Mesonephric ducts

Question 10

When does the metanephros begin to function

Answer 10

In tenth week

Question 11

Permanent kidneys develop from what two components

Answer 11

1. Ureteric bud

2. Metanephrogenic blastema

Question 12

What is another name for ureteric bud

Answer 12

Metanephric diverticulum

Question 13

The chocolate core and stick and what

Answer 13

Ureteric bud

Question 14

The hard outer surface is the

Answer 14

Metanephrogenic blastoma

Question 15

Which structure gives rise to collecting ducts

Answer 15

Ureteric bud

Question 16

What structure gives rise to the collecting tubule

Answer 16

Metanephricc blastema

Question 17

The ureteric bud is an outgrowth of the ________ duct

Answer 17

Mesonephric duct

Question 18

Where do the kidneys start and where do they end

Answer 18

S1-S2

T12-L3

Question 19

At what levels are the renal arteries located

Answer 19

L2

Question 20

Where is the urinary bladder formed from

Answer 20

Urogenital sinus

Question 21

What is the urogenital sinus formed from

Answer 21

Cloaca

Question 22

What does the allantois become

Answer 22

Median umbilical ligament (cord = urachus)

Question 23

The lower ends of the mesonephric ducts become

Answer 23

Trigone of the bladder

Question 24

List the type of epethelium found living urinary bladder

Answer 24

Transitional

Question 25

What is it called when the ureteric bud fails to develop

Answer 25

Renal agenesis

Question 26

What is potters syndrome associated with

Answer 26

Bilateral renal agenesis

Question 27

Why do horse shoe kidneys tend not to ascend

Answer 27

It gets trapped by the inferior messenteric artery

Question 28

A horshoe kidney typically has recurrent

Answer 28

Rivalry tract infections

Question 29

A divided ureteric bud results in

Answer 29

Double kidney

Question 30

Two ureteric buds result in

Answer 30

Supernumerary kidneys and ureter that drain separately into the bladder

Question 31

What does a urachus represent

Answer 31

Constriction of the allantois

Question 32

Remenants of the urachus forms

Answer 32

Urachal cyst Urachal sinus Fistula

Question 33

What is exstrophy of the bladder

Answer 33

Failure of mesoderm to migrate between ectoderm and endoderm

Question 34

If there is a vascular problem in the kidney, which part will infarct first

Answer 34

Cortex

Question 35

What are the layers that particles must pass to make it to Bowman’s capsule

Answer 35

Fenestrated ;layer Basement membrane Podocytes

Question 36

What is the vasa recta

Answer 36

Special arrangement of peritubular capillaries found in the renal medulla

Question 37

What is the function of mesangial cells

Answer 37

Very important in paracrine signaling

Question 38

What are the three processes that result in urine formation

Answer 38

Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion

Question 39

What kind of cells compose the glomerular capillary wall

Answer 39

Fenestrated endothelial cells

Question 40

Is the basement membrane charged?

Answer 40

Yes negatively charged

Question 41

Inner layer of Bowman’s capsule is composed of

Answer 41

Podocytes that encircle glomerulus tuft

Question 42

Which is more permeable at filtration membrane potassium or calcium

Answer 42

Potassium because much of calcium is carried on protein

Question 43

If you lose filtration slits, it will pull away the basement membrane and become more porous

Answer 43

True

Question 44

In the kidney, does the glommerular capillary (hydrostatic) pressure increase or decrease

Answer 44

Stays the same

Question 45

The oncotic pressure is related to? What does this mean about the oncotic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 45

Proteins. It is nearly zero

Question 46

The filtration coefficient is the product of

Answer 46

Membrane permeability and capillary surface area Change in filtration distance, reduction is available capillaries, and thickening of membrane impacts Kf

Question 47

What is the effect of hypertension of glomerular membrane

Answer 47

It becomes thicker, reduced filtration

Question 48

What is the immediate affect of filtration rate after losing a kidney

Answer 48

It is cut in half

Question 49

What is the rate of glucose reabsorption in a healthy individual

Answer 49

100%

Question 50

What causes congenital nephrotic syndrome

Answer 50

Improper filtration barrier (no nephrin), loss of proteins reduce colloid pressure, causes Na and water retention, hypertension

Question 51

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure ________ filtration

Answer 51

Opposes

Question 52

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is dependent upon

Answer 52

Contraction of heart Resistance of blood flow ~55 mm Hg

Question 53

When would you have excessive albumin

Answer 53

Dehydration, causes force that opposes filtration

Question 54

What is plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 54

~30 mm Hg

Question 55

What is the equation for net filtration pressure

Answer 55

Glomerular capillary blood pressure- (plasma-colloid osmotic pressure+ Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure)

Question 56

What is the equation of GRF

Answer 56

GFR = Kf x (PGC-PBS-COP) GFR = Kf x ultrafiltration pressure gradient

Question 57

What should you assume GFR is in a healthy person

Answer 57

120

Question 58

What is the equation of filtration fraction

Answer 58

Filtration fraction = glomerular filtration rate / renal plasma flow

Question 59

What is clearance

Answer 59

The amount of plasma that got cleared off a substance per minute

Question 60

What is the equation for clearance

Answer 60

C = U (urinary concentration) x V (volume) / P (plasma concentration

Question 61

What is normal GFR (= to C) of inulin? In newborns?

Answer 61

125-140 mL/min ~20 mL/min In newborns, filtration is very low

Question 62

Which is more practical determining inulin or creatinine clearance

Answer 62

Creatinine, inulin requires cathederation etc