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BECOM II Exam III > Renal System Development and Glo F > Flashcards

Renal System Development and Glo F Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three nephrite structures of development

A
  1. Pronephros
  2. Mesenephros
  3. Metanephros
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2
Q

A portion of the urogenital ridge forms the ________ _________, which gives rise to the urinary system

A

Nephrogenic cord

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3
Q

Which set of nephrotic development is no function

A

Pronephros

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4
Q

What nephrotic development results in the permanent kidney

A

Metnephros

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5
Q

When does the pronephros appear

A

In the early 4th week

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6
Q

Pronephric ducts open into the _______.

A

Cloaca

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7
Q

What empty’s into the cloaca

A

Hindgut and allantois

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8
Q

What is the only part of the pronephros that persists

A

The pronephric ducts

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9
Q

What does the mesonephros consist of

A
  1. Glomeruli
  2. Mesonephric tubules
  3. Mesonephric ducts
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10
Q

When does the metanephros begin to function

A

In tenth week

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11
Q

Permanent kidneys develop from what two components

A
  1. Ureteric bud

2. Metanephrogenic blastema

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12
Q

What is another name for ureteric bud

A

Metanephric diverticulum

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13
Q

The chocolate core and stick and what

A

Ureteric bud

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14
Q

The hard outer surface is the

A

Metanephrogenic blastoma

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15
Q

Which structure gives rise to collecting ducts

A

Ureteric bud

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16
Q

What structure gives rise to the collecting tubule

A

Metanephricc blastema

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17
Q

The ureteric bud is an outgrowth of the ________ duct

A

Mesonephric duct

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18
Q

Where do the kidneys start and where do they end

A

S1-S2

T12-L3

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19
Q

At what levels are the renal arteries located

A

L2

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20
Q

Where is the urinary bladder formed from

A

Urogenital sinus

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21
Q

What is the urogenital sinus formed from

A

Cloaca

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22
Q

What does the allantois become

A

Median umbilical ligament (cord = urachus)

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23
Q

The lower ends of the mesonephric ducts become

A

Trigone of the bladder

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24
Q

List the type of epethelium found living urinary bladder

A

Transitional

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25
Q

What is it called when the ureteric bud fails to develop

A

Renal agenesis

26
Q

What is potters syndrome associated with

A

Bilateral renal agenesis

27
Q

Why do horse shoe kidneys tend not to ascend

A

It gets trapped by the inferior messenteric artery

28
Q

A horshoe kidney typically has recurrent

A

Rivalry tract infections

29
Q

A divided ureteric bud results in

A

Double kidney

30
Q

Two ureteric buds result in

A

Supernumerary kidneys and ureter that drain separately into the bladder

31
Q

What does a urachus represent

A

Constriction of the allantois

32
Q

Remenants of the urachus forms

A

Urachal cyst
Urachal sinus
Fistula

33
Q

What is exstrophy of the bladder

A

Failure of mesoderm to migrate between ectoderm and endoderm

34
Q

If there is a vascular problem in the kidney, which part will infarct first

A

Cortex

35
Q

What are the layers that particles must pass to make it to Bowman’s capsule

A

Fenestrated ;layer
Basement membrane
Podocytes

36
Q

What is the vasa recta

A

Special arrangement of peritubular capillaries found in the renal medulla

37
Q

What is the function of mesangial cells

A

Very important in paracrine signaling

38
Q

What are the three processes that result in urine formation

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion

39
Q

What kind of cells compose the glomerular capillary wall

A

Fenestrated endothelial cells

40
Q

Is the basement membrane charged?

A

Yes negatively charged

41
Q

Inner layer of Bowman’s capsule is composed of

A

Podocytes that encircle glomerulus tuft

42
Q

Which is more permeable at filtration membrane potassium or calcium

A

Potassium because much of calcium is carried on protein

43
Q

If you lose filtration slits, it will pull away the basement membrane and become more porous

A

True

44
Q

In the kidney, does the glommerular capillary (hydrostatic) pressure increase or decrease

A

Stays the same

45
Q

The oncotic pressure is related to? What does this mean about the oncotic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule

A

Proteins. It is nearly zero

46
Q

The filtration coefficient is the product of

A

Membrane permeability and capillary surface area

Change in filtration distance, reduction is available capillaries, and thickening of membrane impacts Kf

47
Q

What is the effect of hypertension of glomerular membrane

A

It becomes thicker, reduced filtration

48
Q

What is the immediate affect of filtration rate after losing a kidney

A

It is cut in half

49
Q

What is the rate of glucose reabsorption in a healthy individual

A

100%

50
Q

What causes congenital nephrotic syndrome

A

Improper filtration barrier (no nephrin), loss of proteins reduce colloid pressure, causes Na and water retention, hypertension

51
Q

Bowmans capsule hydrostatic pressure ________ filtration

A

Opposes

52
Q

The glomerular capillary blood pressure is dependent upon

A

Contraction of heart
Resistance of blood flow

~55 mm Hg

53
Q

When would you have excessive albumin

A

Dehydration, causes force that opposes filtration

54
Q

What is plasma oncotic pressure

A

~30 mm Hg

55
Q

What is the equation for net filtration pressure

A

Glomerular capillary blood pressure- (plasma-colloid osmotic pressure+ Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure)

56
Q

What is the equation of GRF

A

GFR = Kf x (PGC-PBS-COP)

GFR = Kf x ultrafiltration pressure gradient

57
Q

What should you assume GFR is in a healthy person

A

120

58
Q

What is the equation of filtration fraction

A

Filtration fraction = glomerular filtration rate / renal plasma flow

59
Q

What is clearance

A

The amount of plasma that got cleared off a substance per minute

60
Q

What is the equation for clearance

A

C = U (urinary concentration) x V (volume) / P (plasma concentration

61
Q

What is normal GFR (= to C) of inulin? In newborns?

A

125-140 mL/min
~20 mL/min
In newborns, filtration is very low

62
Q

Which is more practical determining inulin or creatinine clearance

A

Creatinine, inulin requires cathederation etc

BECOM II Exam III (5 decks)

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