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american pageant > study guide > Flashcards

study guide Flashcards

1
Q

(Daniel Shays) a veteran of the

A

Revolution

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2
Q

(Daniel Shays) believed that he was fighting anew against

A

tyranny

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3
Q

(Daniel Shays) led Shays’

A

Rebellion, condemned to death but was later pardoned

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4
Q

(Land Ordinance of 1785) provided for the sale of land in the old northwest and

A

earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt

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5
Q

(three-fifths compromise) determined that each slave would be counted as

A

three-fifths of a person for the purpose of apportioning taxes and representation

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6
Q

(three-fifths compromise) the compromise granted disproportionate

A

political power to southern slave states

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7
Q

(northwest ordinance of 1787) created a policy for administering the

A

northwest territories

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8
Q

(northwest ordinance of 1787) it included a path to

A

statehood and forbade the expansion of slavery into the territories

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9
Q

(The Whiskey Rebellion) popular uprising of whiskey distillers in southwestern

A

Pennsylvania in opposition to an excise tax on whiskey

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10
Q

(The Whiskey Rebellion) in a show of strength and resolve by the new central gov, Washington

A

put down the rebellion with militia drawn from several states

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11
Q

(Judiciary Act of 1789) organized the federal legal system, establishing the

A

supreme court, federal district and circuit courts, and the office of the attorney general

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12
Q

(Bank of the United States) chartered by congress as part of

A

alexander hamilton’s financial program

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13
Q

(Bank of the United States) the bank printed paper

A

money and served as a depository for Treasury funds

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14
Q

(Bank of the United States) it drew opposition from Jeffersonian Republicans who argued

A

that the bank was unconstitutional

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15
Q

(Jay’s Treaty) negotiated by chief justice john jay in an effort to

A

avoid war with Britain

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16
Q

(Jay’s Treaty) the treaty included a British promise to evacuate

A

outposts on U.S. soil and pay damages for seized American vessels

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17
Q

(Jay’s Treaty) british promise was in exchange for which Jay bound the United States to repay

A

pre-Revolutionary war debts and to abide by Britain’s restrictive trading policies toward France

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18
Q

(Revolution of 1800) electoral victory of democratic republicans over the federalists, who lost their

A

congressional majority and the presidency

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19
Q

(Revolution of 1800) the peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified

A

faith in America’s political system

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20
Q

(Judiciary Act of 1801) passed by the departing federalist congress, it created sixteen new

A

federal judgeships ensuring a federalist hold on the judiciary

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21
Q

(Louisiana Purchase) acquisition of louisiana territory from

A

france

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22
Q

(Louisiana Purchase) the purchase more than doubled the —- of the United States, opening…

A

territory; vast tracts for settlement

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23
Q

(Louisiana Purchase) was a secret

A

dealing

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24
Q

(Louisiana Purchase) showed that America was stronger and more

A

powerful; encouraged western expansion

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25
Q

(Louisiana Purchase) jefferson didn’t follow strict

A

interpretation of the constitution

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26
Q

(Embargo Act) enacted in response to British and French mistreatment of American merchants, the Act banned the export of

A

all goods from the United States to any foreign port

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27
Q

(Embargo Act) the embargo placed great strains on the American economy while only marginally affecting

A

the European targets and was therefore repealed in 1809

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28
Q

(Embargo Act) significance: we didn’t need to fight to show that we

A

had dominance; strained economy

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29
Q

(battle of tippecanoe) resulted in the defeat of Shawnee chief

A

Tenskwatawa “the Prophet” at the hands of William Henry Harrision in the Indiana wilderness

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30
Q

(battle of tippecanoe) After the battle, Prophet’s brother, Tecumseh, forged an

A

alliance with the British against the United States

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31
Q

(battle of tippecanoe) significance: show strife between americans and

A

indians→indians allied with our enemy

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32
Q

(battle of tippecanoe) significance: Harrison is known as a

A

god-like official because of Tippecanoe

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33
Q

(Battle of new Orleans) resounding victory of American forces against the

A

British, restoring American confidence and fueling outpouring of nationalism

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34
Q

(Battle of new Orleans) led to confidence, nationalism, and established

A

Jackson as a hero

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35
Q

(American system) henry clay’s three-pronged system to promote

A

American industry

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36
Q

(American system) clay advocated a strong

A

banking system, a protective tariff, and a federally funded transportation network

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37
Q

(tallmadge amendment) failed proposal to prohibit the importation of slaves into

A

Missouri territory and pave the way for gradual emancipation

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38
Q

(tallmadge amendment) southerners vehemently opposed the amendment, which they perceived as a

A

threat to the sectional balance between North and south

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39
Q

(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) property-holding requirements for

A

voting were reduced

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40
Q

(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) ordinary people gained titles that used to be reserved for

A

high-class citizens

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41
Q

(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) servitude was

A

unknown

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42
Q

(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) employers were called boss instead of

A

master

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43
Q

(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) the institution of slavery was

A

challenged

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44
Q

(How did the principle of equality influence American society after the adoption of the Declaration of Independence) separation of church and

A

state

45
Q

(What distinguishes constitutions in America from a constitution in the British tradition) in britain constitutions are not written, but instead, they are

A

the combination of laws customs and precedents

46
Q

(What distinguishes constitutions in America from a constitution in the British tradition) in america, however, constitutions were contracts that defined

A

governmental authority and drew their power from the people, instead of a king

47
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) there was no

A

executive branch

48
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) judicial power was left to

A

states

49
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) congress was

A

weak

50
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) states didn’t want to give any power to

A

an American parliament

51
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) congress couldn’t regulate trade, leading to conflicting laws concerning

A

tariffs and navigation from the states

52
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) congress couldn’t enforce the

A

tax-collection program

53
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) couldn’t command

A

control from states

54
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) couldn’t act directly on

A

individuals

55
Q

(What were the shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation) couldn’t secure itself against

A

indignities

56
Q

(what events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some americans) foreign relations in america were

A

troubled

57
Q

(what events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some americans) pirates were ravaging America’s

A

commerce and enslaving American sailors

58
Q

(what events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some americans) economic issues regarding system of

A

raising money

59
Q

(what events and situations motivated a desire for a stronger central government in some americans) shays’s rebellion: massachusetts farmers

A

led a rebellion due to the loss of their farms

60
Q

(What compromises were required to produce the Constitution) Great Compromise: larger states given representation by

A

population in the House, smaller states given equal representation in the senate
three-fifths compromise

61
Q

(How did the Anti-Federalists view the proposed Constitution) they opposed the

A

stronger federal government

62
Q

(How did the Anti-Federalists view the proposed Constitution) saw it as a plot to steal the

A

power back from the common people

63
Q

(How did the Anti-Federalists view the proposed Constitution) considered it to be antidemocratic and thought it would

A

override state sovereignty

64
Q

(What was the ratification process for the Constitution, and how did the Federalists eventually triumph) state conventions, nine states had to

A

ratify

65
Q

(What was the ratification process for the Constitution, and how did the Federalists eventually triumph) small states accepted the Constitution, considering it to be better than

A

they expected

66
Q

(What was the ratification process for the Constitution, and how did the Federalists eventually triumph) to win over other states, the Federalists used the

A

federalist papers which served as commentary on the Constitution

67
Q

(What important protections were added to the Constitution in the Bill of Rights) it protected the American principles of

A

freedom of religion, speech and the press
right to bear arms and trial by jury
right to assemble and petition the gov. for redress of grievances
prohibited cruel and unusual punishment and arbitrary seizure of private property

68
Q

(What were the components of Hamilton’s economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) he wanted to strengthen national

A

credit, wanted national debt and a national bank

69
Q

(What were the components of Hamilton’s economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) his plan was to shape the policies of the administration to

A

favor wealthier groups

70
Q

(What were the components of Hamilton’s economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) components: funding at par→government would pay off

A

debts at face value

71
Q

(What were the components of Hamilton’s economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) assumption→state debts would be regarded as

A

national obligation

72
Q

(What were the components of Hamilton’s economic policy, and what did he hope to accomplish with that policy) tariffs, excise tax, Bank

A

of the United States

73
Q

(What two constitutional theories were presented by Jefferson and Hamilton when Washington asked about the constitutionality of creating a national bank) jefferson stated that the Constitution gave no specific authorization for a

A

financial octopus, thus states were the only ones that had power to charter bans since all powers that aren’t specifically granted to central gov were reserved to states

74
Q

(What two constitutional theories were presented by Jefferson and Hamilton when Washington asked about the constitutionality of creating a national bank) hamilton stated that the constitution permits what it does not

A

forbid→invoked the necessary and proper clause→gov was specifically empowered to collect taxes and regulate commerce

75
Q

(Why did Washington opt for neutrality during the French Revolution) Washington opted for neutrality because the U.S. was militarily and economically

A

weak and politically disunited

76
Q

(Why did Washington opt for neutrality during the French Revolution) washington believed that if America could avoid war with Europe for a while, it would be

A

populous and powerful enough to assert its rights with strength and success

77
Q

(What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay’s Treaty) Jay’s Treaty caused Spain to strike a

A

deal with the U.S.

78
Q

(What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay’s Treaty) Pinckney’s Treaty granted Americans essentially everything they wanted which included

A

free navigation of the Mississippi, right of deposit at New Orleans, and large territory of western Florida

79
Q

(What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay’s Treaty) Jay’s treaty vitalized the

A

Democratic- Republican party

80
Q

(What were the domestic and international consequences of Jay’s Treaty) Jay’s Treaty caused southern planters to have to pay

A

pre-Revolutionary war debts

81
Q

(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson’s proposed remedy) responding to the

A

alien and sedition acts

82
Q

(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson’s proposed remedy) jefferson secretly created a list of

A

resolutions, approved by the kentucky legislature

83
Q

(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson’s proposed remedy) jefferson’s resolutions stressed the

A

compact theory

84
Q

(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson’s proposed remedy) compact theory→the states, through creating the federal government, entered into a contract concerning its

A

jurisdiction

85
Q

(What laws were being responded to in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, and what was jefferson’s proposed remedy) compact theory continued: the national gov was an agent of the

A

states and therefore the states were the final judges of whether the gov was overstepping its authority

86
Q

(How did John Adams handle foreign affairs with France) adams tried to reach an agreement with the French, appoin..

A

appointing a diplomatic commission

87
Q

(How did John Adams handle foreign affairs with France) this commission, with John Marshall as one of the diplomats, met with three

A

go-betweens who tried to bribe them→XYZ affair

88
Q

(How did John Adams handle foreign affairs with France) commission returned to the U.S., refusing to

A

comply with the bribes

89
Q

(who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?) the democrats would likely support hamiltonian federalists because the

A

federalists advocated a strong central government

90
Q

(who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?) republicans would likely support jeffersonian republicans because they demanded a weak

A

central government, and Republicans hold that ideal

91
Q

(who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?) federalists advocated strong central government and rule by the

A

best people, also believed that gov should support but not interfere with private enterprise

92
Q

(who would likely support Hamiltonian federalists, and who would likely support Jeffersonian Republicans? What were the philosophical differences between these two political parties?) republicans advocated weak central gov and believed that there shouldn’t be

A 
any special privileges that come with class
advocated rule of the people
93
Q

(What were the main military engagements in the War of 1812 and what was the outcome of each) battle of the thames→

A

redcoats were overtaken by general harrison’s army and were beaten

94
Q

(What were the main military engagements in the War of 1812 and what was the outcome of each) Battle at Plattsburgh→

A

thomas macdonough confronted the british with a “fresh broadside” and defeated them

95
Q

(What were the main military engagements in the War of 1812 and what was the outcome of each) battle of new orleans→

A

american victory; andrew jackson became a national hero

96
Q

(in what ways did nationalism, inspired by the war of 1812, manifest itself) birth of national literature→

A

Washiington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, school textbooks written by Americans, North American Review

97
Q

(in what ways did nationalism, inspired by the war of 1812, manifest itself) American

A

painters, Bank of the United States revived, handsome national capitol, army expanded

98
Q

(How did Henry Clay’s American System aim to increase national unity and economic development) plan for creating a

A

profitable economy

99
Q

(How did Henry Clay’s American System aim to increase national unity and economic development) banking system:

A

easy and abundant credit

100
Q

(How did Henry Clay’s American System aim to increase national unity and economic development) protective tariff: allow eastern

A

manufacturing to be successful

101
Q

(How did Henry Clay’s American System aim to increase national unity and economic development) network of roads and canals: transport raw materials

A

across the nation

102
Q

(What were the circumstances that resulted in the Missouri Compromise) missouri wanted to be admitted as a

A

slave state, but Tallmadge Amendment was passed and southerners were enraged

103
Q

(What were the circumstances that resulted in the Missouri Compromise) missouri as a slave state would cause an issue in the senate regarding

A

representation of free and slave states

104
Q

(What were the circumstances that resulted in the Missouri Compromise) there was concern over whether slavery would be able to

A

thrive or not

105
Q

(How did Chief Justice John Marshall’s Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal power and defend the Constitution’s economic provisions) McCullough v. Maryland:he strengthened federal power through denying

A

Maryland’s right to tax the Bank

106
Q

(How did Chief Justice John Marshall’s Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal power and defend the Constitution’s economic provisions) Cohens v. Virginia: strengthened federal authority by asserting Supreme Court right to

A

review the decisions of state supreme courts in all questions involving the powers of the federal gov

107
Q

(How did Chief Justice John Marshall’s Supreme Court decisions strengthen federal power and defend the Constitution’s economic provisions) Gibbons v. Ogden: blow to states’ rights by reminding NY that Congress alone had

A

authority of interstate trade

108
Q

(What motivated the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and what were its main assertions) European monarchs were attempting to get rid of the

A

democratic revolutions that sprouted up

109
Q

(What motivated the creation of the Monroe Doctrine and what were its main assertions) monroe asserted:

A

colonization in Americas was over

No European intervention→ intervention would be considered threat to U.S

american pageant (8 decks)

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