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Research > Study Guide > Flashcards

Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Cluster

A

A Naturally Occuring, Mixed aggregate of elements of the Pupulation

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2
Q

Cluster Sampling

A

Sampling method in which elements are slected in two or more stages, with the first stage being the random selection of naturally occuring clusters and the last stage being the random selection of elements within clusters.

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3
Q

Disproportionate Satisfied Sampling

A

Sampling in which elements are selected from strata in different proportions from those that appear in the population

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4
Q

Elements (sampling)

A

The individual members of the population whose characteristics are to be measured.

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5
Q

NonProbability Sampling

A

Sampling methods in which the probability of selection of population elements is unknown.

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6
Q

Population

A

The entire set of individuals or other entities to which study findings are to be generalized.

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7
Q

Probability of Selection

A

The Likelihood that an element will be selected from the population for inclusion in the sample.

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8
Q

Probability Sampling Methods

A

Sampling methods that rely on a random or chance selection method so that the probability of selection of population elements is known.

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9
Q

Purposive Sampling

A

a nonprobability sampling method in which elements are selected for a purpose, usually because of their unique position.

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10
Q

Quota Sampling

A

A nonprobability sampling method in which elements are selected to ensure that the sample represents certain characteristics in proportion to their prevalence in the population.

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11
Q

Random Digit Dialing

A

The random dialing by a machine of numbers within designated phone prefixes, which creates a random sample for phone surveys.

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12
Q

Sampling Error

A

Any difference between the characteristics of a sample and the characteristics of a population. The larger the sample error, the less representative the sample.

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13
Q

Sampling Frame

A

A list of all elemnts or other units containing the elements in a population.

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14
Q

Simple Random Sampling

A

A method of sampling in which every sample element is selected only on the basis of chance through a random process.

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15
Q

Snowball Sampling

A

A method of sampling which sample elements are selected as they are identified by succesive informants or interviewees.

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16
Q

Systematic Bias

A

Overrepresentation or underrepresentation of some population characteristics due to the method used to select the sample.

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17
Q

Systematic Sampling

A

A method of sampling in which sample elements are selected from a list or from sequential files with every nth element being selected after the first element is selected randomly within the first interval.

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18
Q

Target Population

A

Set of elements larger than or different from the population sampled and to which the researcher would like to generalize study findings.

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19
Q

Association

A

A criterion for establishing a nomothetic causal relationship between two variables:variation in one variable is related to variation in another variable.

20
Q

Comparison Groups

A

In an experiment, a group that has been exposed to a different treatment (or value of the independent variable) than the experimental group.

21
Q

control group

A

In an experiment, a comparison group that receives no treatment,

22
Q

experimental group

A

In an experiment, the group of subjects that receives the treatment or experimental manipulation.

23
Q

Histroy

A

A source of causal invalidity that occurs when something other than the treatment influences outcome scores; also called an ffect of external events.

24
Q

Internal Validity

A

A Criterion neccesary to demonstrate causality; it is the ability to rule out all other explanations for the findings.

25
Q

Random Assignment

A

A procedure by which each experimental subject is randomly placed in a group.

26
Q

Treatment Fidelity

A

Delivering an intervention as it was designed to be provided.

27
Q

Cycle

A

A baseline phase patern reflecting ups and downs depending on the time of measurement.

28
Q

Direct Replication

A

Used to enhance the generalizability of a single-subject design; the single-subject design is repeated using the same procedures by the same researchers and the same providers, in the same setting, and in the same situation with different clients..

29
Q

Duration

A

The Length of time an event of some symptom lasts and usually is measured for each occurence of the event or symptom.

30
Q

Frequency

A

In a single-subject design, counting the number of times a behavior occurs or the number of times people experience different feelings within a particular time period.

31
Q

Interval

A

Used in single-subject design, a measure of the length of time between events, bhecaiors, or symptoms.

32
Q

Level

A

Flat lines reflecting the amount or magnitude of the target variable; used in a single-subject design.

33
Q

Magnitude

A

Measuring the intensity of a particular behavior or a psychological state.

34
Q

Systematic Replication

A

Repeating a single-subject design in different settings, using different providers and other related behaviors to increase generalizability.

35
Q

Trend

A

Repeated measurement scores that are ascending or descending in magnitude; used in single-subject design

36
Q

Close Ended Question

A

A survey question that provides preformatted response choices for the respondent to check or circle

37
Q

Contingency Questions

A

Question that is asked of only a subset of survey Respondents

38
Q

Matrix Questions

A

A series of questions that concern a common theme and have the same response choices.

39
Q

Open ended questions

A

A survey question to which the respondent replies in his own words by either writing or talking.

40
Q

Intensive Interviewing

A

A qualitative method that involves open-ended, relatively unstructured questioning in which the interviewer seeks in-depth informatino on the respondent’s feelings, experiences and perceptsions.

41
Q

Availability Sampling

A

Sampling method in which elements are selected on the basis of convenience.

42
Q

Probablility Sampling Methods

A

Sampling methods that rely on random or chance selection method so that the probability of selection of population elements is known.

43
Q

Systematic Observations

A

Develops a standard form on which to record variation within the observed setting in terms of the variables of interest.
Ex. Frequency of some behavior(s), the particular people observed, and environmental conditions.

44
Q

Reflexivity

A

How the researcher interacted with subjects in the field (problems)

45
Q

Participant observation

A

Natural social processes are studied as they happen. Left relatively undisturbed

46
Q

Complete Observation

A

researchers try to see things without actively paricipating.

Research (5 decks)

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