STUDY GUIDE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 1

What is the classification hierarchy and its order?

Answer 1

Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

What is binomial nomenclature, how is it used, and what scientist created this system of taxonomy?

Answer 2

Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish Botanist of the 18th century, came up with a simple solution, the system of binomial nomenclature

Question 3

Have a basic understanding of the unifying characteristics of the organisms in each of the 6 kingdoms.

Answer 3

Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Archaea
Bacteria

Question 4

Understand the basic structure of the 6 kingdoms.

Answer 4

Animalia - Multicellular. Eukaryotic with no cell walls
Plantae - Multicellular. Eukaryotic with cell walls made of cellulose
Fungi - Either Cellular. Eukaryotic with cell walls made of chitin
Protista - Unicellular. Eukaryotic with cell wall made of pectin
Bacteria - Unicellular. Prokaryotic
Archaea - Unicellular. Prokaryotic with cells walls made of lipids

Question 5

How do bacteria reproduce?
(B.F.)

Answer 5

Through a process called Binary Fission, which is where a single cell divides into two

Question 6

How do the two different kingdoms of bacteria differ? How do different types of bacteria assist humans?

Answer 6

Archaebacteria live in hostile environments, such as hot springs, salt water and deep sea etc. Eubacteria live in the same environment which is familiar to humans

Question 7

What are viruses made of?

Answer 7

Nucleic acid (The Genome) and protein

Question 8

Talk about the lysogenic and lytic cycle that viruses go through within host cells.

Answer 8

In the lytic cycle, the phage replicates and lyses the host cell. In the lysogenic cycle, phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome, where it is passed on to subsequent generations

Question 9

How are plants and fungi the same? How are they different?

Answer 9

Plants are producers, using the energy of the sun to make seeds, cones, and spores to reproduce, while fungi are decomposers that break down decaying matter

Question 10

What are the gametophyte and sporophyte stages?

Answer 10

A haploid stage called gametophyte and a diploid stage called sporophyte.

Question 11

Be able to identify and define the function of each of the different parts of the leaf, toot, stem, and flower.

Answer 11

Leaf helps with photosynthesis, Stem carries water and nutrients to the rest of the body, and the flower part helps spread the seeds or even pollen so that the plant can reproduce

Question 12

Identify each of the different parts of the plant cells including organelles. What makes them different from our cells?

Answer 12

Chloroplasts, cell walls, and intracellular

Question 13

Explain the differences between monocots and dicots.

Answer 13

A monocot has 3 sets of pedals and a dicot has 5-6 pedals. There are many more things about them that are different!!!

Question 14

What are the two phases of photosynthesis?

Answer 14

The light dependent phase and the calvin cycle

Question 15

What is chlorophyll and what role does it play in photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Help turn the sunlight/energy into nutrients.

Question 16

Understand the process of pollination, fertilization, and germination in angiosperms.

Answer 16

The development of a pollen tube that travels through the cells of the style of the pistil to create a path for the sperm to reach the ovary.

Question 17

What are the different ways vegetative reproduction occurs in angiosperms spontaneously and artificially.

Answer 17

Grafting, air-layering, and cutting the stem

Question 18

What are plant hormones? What are the different categories of these hormones and what role do they play in the life of a plant?

Answer 18

Auxins, abscisic acid, cytokinins, ethylene gibberellin, and brassinosteroids.

Question 19

What is tropism? Give examples of different types of tropisms and how they impact the plant.

Answer 19

The growth movement, and its direction is determined by the direction of the stimulus influencing the plant.

Question 20

What is photoperiodism and how does it impact the plant?

Answer 20

The response to changes in daylength that enables plants (or any other living organisms) to adapt to seasonal changes in their environment

Question 21

What role do minerals lay in plant growth?

Answer 21

Enzymes in plant cells cannot make certain chemicals like chlorophyll or catalyze the reactions necessary to photosynthesise, fight disease, produce fruits or grow stems and branches.