Biology Exam - 3rd Flashcards
To help me get a good grade on my Biology Exam!!!!!!!!!!!
1
Q
Annelida
A
Segmented worms
2
Q
Amebocytes
A
Cells in a sponge that preform digestion and transport function
3
Q
Arthopoda
A
Insects, lobsters, spiders. They have exoskeletons
4
Q
Assymetrical
A
Animals with no symmetry
5
Q
Bilateral Symmetry
A
Organisms can be divided through the center to create mirror images
6
Q
Blastula
A
A hallow ball of cells
7
Q
Chordata
A
Fish, birds, reptiles, mammals. Have backbones
8
Q
Cleavage
A
When a single cell in converted to a multicellular zygote
9
Q
Cnidaria
A
Jellyfish and sea anemones. Radial Symmetry
10
Q
Collar Cells
A
Line the inside of the sponge’s hollow sac-like body; appear to have a collar, with a flagella that extends from the collar
11
Q
Echinodermata
A
Sea stars and sea urchins
12
Q
Ectoderm
A
Outside layer
13
Q
Ectothermic
A
Body temperature rises and falls with the temperature of the surrounding environment
14
Q
Endoderm
A
Inside layer
15
Q
Endoskeleton
A
An internal skeleton made of plates called ossicles
16
Q
Endothermic
A
Use energy from cellular respiration to keep warm
17
Q
Exoskeleton
A
Plated outer covering
18
Q
Gastrulation
A
Occurs when cells move inside the blastula and form multilayer of cells called germ layer
19
Q
Germ Layer
A
Multiple layers of cells: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
20
Q
Hermaphroditic
A
Having both male and female reproductive organs that produce both sperm and eggs
21
Q
Hydroskeleton
A
Fluid-filled layer compartment in the body
22
Q
Invertebrates
A
Animals that don’t have a backbone
23
Q
Mesenchyme
A
The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge
24
Q
Mesoderm
A
The middle derm layer which will form the circulatory system, muscle, and bones
25
Mollusca
Claims, snails, and squid
26
Motile
Capable of movement
27
Nematoda
Roundworms
28
Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
29
Porifera
Sponges
30
Radial Symmetry
Organisms can be divided into many different ways to form mirror images
31
Sessile
An organism that does not move
32
Spicules
A network support system made of lime or silica with a hard spiny feel
33
Spongin
A web of protein with a soft feel
34
Vertebrates
Animals with a backbone
35
Aortic Arches
Function as tiny hearts that pump blood through the blood vessels
36
Clitellum
a barral-shaped swelling around the body that assists in reproduction
37
Complete Digestive System
Digestive system consisting of a digestive tract and two body openings; Worms use a shovel-like upper lip to scoop soil into their mouth and pass it into the pharynx.
38
Cuticle
Protects roundworms from the digestive enzymes of the host
39
Eyespots
Sense light
40
Flatworms
1. Parasitic flatworms: organisms that live on or in another organism and benefit by taking nutrients from that organism at the expense of the host
2. Free-living flatworms: can live on land, in the ocean, or in fresh water
3. Three classes of flatworms:
a) Flukes (parasitic)
b) Tapeworms (parasitic)
c) Planarians (free-living)
41
Flukes
Parasitic flatworms; require at least two hosts and spend part of their lives in snails
42
Ganglion
Mass of nerve cells that function like a simple "brain" in the anterior
43
Nematoda
Roundworms
44
Nephredia
Coiled tubes that are open at both ends and function as tiny kidneys
45
Parasites
Organisms that live off other organisms
46
Paristalsis
A wave-like process that moves food through the digestive system
47
Planarians
Free-living flatworms
48
Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
49
Roundworms
1. Bodies resemble a thread
2. Live in nearly every environment
3. Can be free-living or parasitic
50
Scolex
Small, knoblike head of a tapeworm
51
Segmentedworm
1. Bodies appear to have ringed segments
2. Found in different habitats
3. Parasitic and free-living species
52
Setae
Bristle-like structures that help segmented worms move
53
Tapeworms
Parasitic flatworm; have no mouth or digestive system, but absorb nutrients from their host
54
Ampulla
Muscle structure on the internal side of tube feet
55
Anthozoa
Sea anemones and corals
56
Class Asteroidea
Sea Stars
57
Class Echinoidea
Sea urchins and sand dollars
58
Class Holothuroidea
Sea cucumers
59
Class Ophiuroidea
Brittle stars
60
Cnidocytes
Stinging cells on tentacles
61
Contractile Cells
Bend the organism's body allowing it to move through the water
62
Coral
Colonial creatures: each coral is an individual multicellular organism, but they form a colony that's interdependent on one another
63
Epithelium
Contains nerve cells and contractile cells
64
Endoskeleton
An internal skeleton made up of plates called ossicles
65
Class Hydrozoa
Hydra, hydroid colonies, and the Portuguese Man-of-War
66
Lateral Canals
Branch perpendicularly off the radial canals and terminate at tube feet
67
Medusa
a) umbrella shaped body with its mouth facing downward and tentacles extending around it
b) Motile
68
Mesoglea
A jelly-like substance between the inner layer and outer layer of cells in a cnidarian
69
Nematocysts
Coiled tubes containing an attached barb that discharges a toxin when launched
70
Ossicles
Plates that make up the endoskeleton
71
Papulae
Tubular extensions that assist in gas exchange
72
Pentaradial Symmetry
Have 5 arms evenly distributed around a central disc
73
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea stars and sea urchins
74
Polyp
a) cup-shaped tubular body form with a mouth and tentacles at one end, and a base that attaches to a hard surface on the other end
b) Sessile
75
Radial Canals
Extend from central part of the echinoderm's body down each ray
76
Ring Canal
Where water enters, surrounding the mouth
77
Class Scyphozoa
Jellyfish
78
Sieve Plate
Filters sea water before it enters the system
79
Symbiotic
Relationships with certain organisms where both organisms benefit from one another
80
Tube Feet
Hollow foot-like knobs
81
Water Vascular System
A system of tubes filled with water extending through their entire body
82
Adductor Muscles
Strong muscles holding the shells together
83
Bivalves
Suspension feeders, filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water
84
Cephalopods
A member of a group of molluscs that include squids and octopus
85
Cilia
Hair like extensions on the gills move the food to the mouth opening where it's ingested
86
Closed Circulatory System
a) Blood vessels that move blood through their body
b) Two branchial hearts which move the deoxygenated blood to the gills
c) One systemic heart which pumps the oxygenated blood throughout the body
87
Excurrent Siphon
Area where water leaves the bivalve's body
88
Gastropds
Snails and slugs
89
Hinge Teeth
Interlock to prevent valves from sliding sideways when closed
90
Incurrent Siphon
Moves water into the cavity to the gills where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
91
Mantle
An outer body wall covering the visceral hump
92
Marine
Of or relating to the sea
93
Muscular Foot
Found inside the shells and used for movement
94
Nacre
Secreted in thin layers coating irritants or parasites inside the shell, creating a pearl over time
95
Open Circulatory System
With a heart but no blood vessels
96
Radula
Rough, tongue-like organ used to scrape food into their mouth and carry it to the digestive tract
97
Sessile
Fixed in one place; immobile
98
Suspension Feeders
Bivalves; filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water
99
Tentacles
Long arm-like with suction cups, like on an octopus
100
Umbo
The small bulge on the two shells near the hinge
101
Visceral Mass
Located between the two sides of the mantle and contains most of the organism's organs
102
Abdomen
The posterior segments of an arthoropd
103
Aedeagus
Organ that allows males to secrete sperm
104
Antennae
Organs that touch, smells, and sometimes hear
105
Book Lungs
Respiratory organs with many thin layers where air circulates and the exchange of gasses takes place—oxygen passes into a blood filled chamber
106
Carapace
A single exoskeleton plate that cover the cephalothorax
107
Chelicerae
A short pair of appendages used to capture and crush prey
108
Chelipeds
Claws on the first pair of legs used for grooming, fighting, and capture prey
109
Compound Eyes
Allow the animals to see in many different directions at once
110
Exoskeleton
Hardened outer covering of the body
111
Jointed Appendages
Most distinguishing characteristics of arthropods. Structures such as a legs, wings, or antennae that extend from the body wall of an arthropod and enable them to move and grasp objects
112
Labium
Lower Lip
113
Mandibles
Mouthparts of arthropods used to crush and tear apart food
114
Maxillae
Upper jaw; used to chew food
115
Metamorphosis
Change of form; 2 types - complete and incomplete
116
Molt
To shed hair, skin, or an outer layer periodically
117
Ovipositor
Organ that allows femals to deposit eggs
118
Pedipalps
Used for sensing and feeding; located between chelicerae and the first pair of legs which may contain pincers
119
Saprophytes
Eat decaying leaves and plant matter
120
Simple Eyes
Detect the presence of light
121
Spermatophore
Packet of sperm
122
Spinnerets
Structures located at the tip of the abdomen, used to spin silk
123
Spiracles
Small pores on each segment allowing air to enter the body
124
Swimmerets
Appendages used for swimming and reproduction, located on the abdomen
125
Telson
Fan shaped tail at the end of the body
126
Thorax
The region between head and abdomen
127
Trachea
Delivers gasses throughout the body
128
Amniotes
Member of a clade of tetrapods that have an amniotic egg containing specialized membranes that protect the embryo; mammals, birds, reptiles
129
Anura
Meaning "tailless ones," including frogs and toads
130
Apoda
Meaning "legless ones"
131
Carapace
Upper shell composed of bony plates
132
Class Amphibia
Amphibians - 3 orders: Anura, Urodela, and Apoda
133
Cloacal Opening
The opening through which undigested waste, urine, egg, and sperm cells pass out of the amphibian's body
134
Crocodilia
Includes crocodiles, caimans, alligators, and gharial; semi-aquatic
135
Cutaneous Respiration
Breathing through skin, smooth, permeable skin
136
Epidermal Scales
Arise from the skin, but are not living tissue
137
Hibernation
A state where metabolism, heart rate, and respiration slow down until the weather warms
138
Oviparous
Eggs are hatched after they've been laid by the parent
139
Ovoviviparous
Eggs are hatched inside the parent
140
Parthenogenesis
a) eggs develop into embryos without fertilization
b) entire species is female, no males are present
141
Plasteron
Lower shell
142
Sphenodontia
1. One living species in this order: the tuatara
2. Lives over 100 years
3. Nocturnal
4. Does not have external ears
5. Third eye located on the top of the head, used for sensing light
143
Squamata
Lizards and snakes
144
Testudines
Turtles and tortoises
145
Urodela
Meaning "tailed ones," including salamanders and newts
146
Yolk Sac
Provides food for the embryo
147
Air Sacs
Provide a constant supply of oxygen while birds fly and keep birds cool by expelling heat
148
Brooding
Sitting on the eggs to keep them warm as they develop
149
Contour Feathers
Strong feathers found on the body, wings, and tail that aid in flight
150
Down Feathers
Soft feathers that provide insulation and are very light
151
Keratin
A hard protein; makes up feathers for birds
152
Migratory Patterns
Birds relocate as the season changes where they have better access to food and nesting locations
153
Placental
A mammal whose offspring develop inside the female's uterus
154
Pneumatized Bones
Porous bones that are hollow and light
155
Torpor
Deep sleep with decreased heart rate but maintain warm body temperatures
156
Viviparously
Inside the mother
157
Asymmetrical
No symmetry
158
Autotrophic
Producers; organisms that make their own food
159
Bilateral Symmetry`
Organisms can be divided through the center to create mirror images
160
Cleavage
When a single cell is converted to a multicellular zygote
161
Ectoderm
Outside layer
162
Ectothermic
Body temperature rises and falls with the temperature of the surrounding environment
163
Endoderm
Inside layer
164
Endothermic
Use energy from cellular respiration to keep warm
165
Gastrulation
When the fluid-filled ball begins to form 3 germ layers
166
Germ Layer
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
167
Hermaphrodite
An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs
168
Heterotrophic
Consume other organisms for fuel
169
Invertebrate '
Animals that don't have backbones
170
Mesoderm
Develops between the endoderm and ectoderm
171
Oviparous
Eggs are hatched after they've been laid by the parent
172
Ovoviviparous
Eggs are hatched inside the parent
173
Radial Symmetry
Organisms can be divided in many different ways to form mirror images
174
Vertebrate
An animal that has a backbone
175
Viviparous
Inside the mother
