Study Guide

Question 1

Which answer choice is a morpheme?
(A) worked
(B) worked today
(C) she
(D) /sh/

Answer 1

(A) She

Question 2

Paula analyzes the
phonology of a foreign language where
replacing the sound “ng” with the sound “n” does not change the meaning of a word. Based on Paula’s analysis, she should conclude that in that foreign language, the sounds “ng” and “n” are _____.
(A) two separate phonemes of the same morpheme
(B) two separate morphemes of the same allophone
(C)two separate allophones of the same phoneme
(D)two separate phonemes of the same allophone

Answer 2

(C)two separate allophones of the same phoneme

Question 3

The language of the Inuit in Canada has many different terms for
frozen white flakes of precipitation, for which we use the term “snow.”
_____ argued that, because of this, the Inuit _____ than do English
speakers.
(A) Jerome Bruner; have a fundamentally different language
acquisition support system
(B) Eleanor Rosch; think about snow in a fundamentally different way
(C)Noam Chomsky; have a fundamentally different language
acquisition device
(D)Benjamin Whorf; perceive snow differently

Answer 3

(D)Benjamin Whorf; perceive snow differently

Question 4

According to Daniel Kahneman’s prospect theory, people are more
likely to _____ than to _____.
(A) take risks when evaluating gains; take risks when evaluating the
equivalent in losses
(B) avoid risks when evaluating gains; avoid risks when evaluating
losses
(C)consider information that confirms their beliefs; consider information
that disproves their beliefs
(D)consider information that disproves their beliefs; consider
information that confirms their beliefs

Answer 4

(B) avoid risks when evaluating gains; avoid risks when evaluating
losses

Question 5

Research on the cognitive neuroscience of concepts suggests that
inanimate categories (like our concept for “hammer”) are likely
processed more _____ than animate categories (like our concept for
“penguin”).
(A) medially
(B) frontally
(C) laterally
(D) anteriorly

Answer 5

(A) medially

Question 6

The two-factor theory of intelligence predicts a _____ correlation
between solving algebra problems and identifying musical notes.
(A) negative
(B) perfect negative
(C)perfect positive
(D)positive

Answer 6

(D)positive

Question 7

Dr. Blau and Dr. Mound conduct two separate behavioral genetics study of
intelligence. Most of Dr. Blau’s participants are from high-income backgrounds.
Most of Dr. Mounds’s participants are from low-income backgrounds.
Based on your understanding of the behavioral genetics of intelligence, you would
expect _____.
(A) both Dr. Blau and Dr. Mounds to find that intelligence is highly heritable
(B) both Dr. Blau and Dr. Mounds to find that intelligence is low in heritability
(C)whereas Dr. Blau will find intelligence to be highly heritable, Dr. Mounds will
find intelligence to be low in heritability
(D)whereas Dr. Blau will find intelligence to be low in heritability, Dr. Mounds will
find intelligence to be highly heritable

Answer 7

(C)whereas Dr. Blau will find intelligence to be highly heritable, Dr. Mounds will
find intelligence to be low in heritability

Question 8

The environmental contributions to intelligence _____ with
age, and this effect _____ for high-IQ people relative to low-IQ
people.
(A) decreases; is greater
(B) decreases; occurs more slowly
(C)increases; occurs more quickly
(D)increases; is greater

Answer 8

(B) decreases; occurs more slowly

Question 9

Research shows that older adults are _____.
(A) less likely than younger adults to experience negative emotions
(B) more likely to remember negative information than to remember
positive information
(C)less likely than younger adults to seek emotionally satisfying
information
(D)more likely than younger adults to seek to acquire new experiences

Answer 9

(A) less likely than younger adults to experience negative emotions

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about Jean Piaget’s stages of
cognitive development?
(A) The sensorimotor stage of development takes place earlier in
development than the concrete operational stage of development
(B) Whereas children in the concrete operational stage fail at tests of object
permanence, children in the formal operational stage succeed at tests of
object permanence
(C)Whereas children in the formal operational stage fail at tests of
conservation, children in the concrete operational stage succeed at tests
of conservation
(D)The concrete operational stage of development takes place earlier in
development than the sensorimotor stage of development

Answer 9

(A) The sensorimotor stage of development takes place earlier in
development than the concrete operational stage of development