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T4 lecture a&p (brain) > study guide > Flashcards

study guide Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

cerebrum is split into L and R hemispheres by the

A

longitudinal fissure

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2
Q

surface of the cerebrum is covered with a layer of ____ ____ called the ___ ___

A

gray matter, cerebral cortex

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3
Q

cerebellum is split into L and R hemispheres by the

A

vermis

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4
Q

outer gray matter of cerebellum

A

cerebellar cortex

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5
Q

cerebellum is split into anterior and posterior lobes by the

A

primary fissure

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6
Q

controls most basic life sustaining functions (HR, BP, Respirations, Sleep, Hunger, Thirst, Digestion)

A

brain stem

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7
Q

Conscious thought and intelligence are produced in the _____ _____. We call these _____ _____ functions.

A

neural/cerebral cortex, high brain

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8
Q

The _____ meninges are continuous with the ____ meninges.

A

cranial spinal

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9
Q

major difference between the cranial and spinal menginges

A

no epidural space in cranial meninges

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10
Q

blood accumulates in the subdural space of cranial meninges (very dangerous)

A

subdural hematoma

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11
Q

space between periosteal layer and meningeal layer of the dura mater contains ________ _______ to drain blood from brain

A

venous sinuses

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12
Q

only meninge layer entering into sulci of brain

A

pia mater

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13
Q

formed when inner layer of dura mater extends into fissures. Acts as “seatbelt”

A

Dural folds

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14
Q

Dural fold between cerebral hemispheres

A

falx cerebri

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15
Q

Dural folds between cerebellar hemispheres

A

falx cerebelli

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16
Q

Dural fold separating cerebrum and cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli

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17
Q

glial cells lining ventricles (choroid plexus) and central canal

A

ependymal cells

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18
Q

cells lining blood vessels

A

endothelial cells

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19
Q

CSF cushions the brain, decreasing its “___ ___” weight

A

feels-like

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20
Q

In the ventricles, blood is filtered through vessels in the choroid plexus and across the

A

ependyma

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21
Q

choroid plexus membrane is made of these cells which controls composition of CSF secreted into ventricles by ependyma

A

ependymal cells

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22
Q

CSF flows through the ventricles and central canal, and it bathes the outer surface of the brain as it flows through the _____________ space

A

subarachnoid

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23
Q

CSF is reabsorbed through ____ ____ into Dural venous sinuses (where the CSF enters the blood supply)

A

arachnoid granulations

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24
Q

CSF flows through ventricles and then out through tiny holes called ______ (CSF then bathes external surface of brain).

A

apertures

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25
Q

abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain (can lead to neural tissue damage)

A

hydrocephalus

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26
Q

Constant blood supply to brain is needed. Neural tissue depends almost entirely on ___________ and __________ to make ATP. ____ ___ is needed at all times.

A

glucose, oxygen, Blood flow

27
Q

interruption of blood flow to brain (stroke)

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

28
Q

CVA where blood flow is stopped by a clot

A

thrombolytic stroke

29
Q

CVA where blood flow is restricted by ruptured vessel

A

hemorrhagic stroke

30
Q

stroke in L cerebral hemisphere would cause symptoms to appear on the _____ side of the body due to _____ _____.

A

right, hemispheric lateralization

31
Q

What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier?

A

isolates the neural tissue (from the blood that goes through general circulation)

32
Q

The BBB is formed by ______________ ____________ between ____________ cells. (these cells are cells that line____________ ______________).

A

tight junctions, endothelial, blood vessels

33
Q

glial cells responsible for controlling and maintaining the blood brain barrier (enclose vessels with their processes and induce the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells)

A

astrocytes

34
Q

Why do we not maintain a blood brain barrier in the vessels surrounding the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland?

A

they secrete hormones (into circulation)

35
Q

Blood CSF barrier: Formed by tight junctions between _____________ cells that surround the capillaries of the ____________ _________.

A

ependymal cells, choroid plexus

36
Q

The ____ links the cerebrum with the rest of the brain stem.

A

diencephalon

37
Q

called the “gatekeeper” for the cerebrum

A

thalamus

38
Q

integral in thermoregulation because it sets the body’s hypothalamic set point

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

Blinking and pupil dilation/constriction are controlled by what part of the brainstem?

A

midbrain

40
Q

If you hear a loud noise or see something in your peripheral vision, you turn your head towards the sound or object. What part of the brain stem controls this reflex?

A

midbrain

41
Q

connects the cerebellum to the brainstem

A

pons

42
Q

apneustic and pneumotaxic centers are located in the ____. Their function is to modify the activity of the ________ _________ center.

A

pons, respiratory rhythmicity

43
Q

contains the cardiac center, vasomotor center, and respiratory rhythmicity center

A

medulla oblongata

44
Q

large, branches cells that make up the cerebellar cortex

A

Purkinje cells

45
Q

major function of the cerebellum is to coordinate _______________ body movements

A

repetitive

46
Q

The cerebellum monitors and compares what our _________ is with our _____________, allowing us to perfect learned movements.

A

intent, performance

47
Q

aka emotional brain

A

limbic system

48
Q

Establish emotional states and decide how we show emotions. Provide motivational drives via the gratification center and aversion center. Facilitate memory storage and retrieval.

A

limbic system functions

49
Q

“fast learner” that can organize memories as they occur. not for long term memory storage

A

hippocampus

50
Q

“slow learner” that requires memories to be “uploaded” numerous times before the memory is stored. used for long term

A

cerebral cortex

51
Q

can’t develope new memories

A

anterograde amnesia

52
Q

can’t remember past memories

A

retrograde anmesia

53
Q

Controls conscience thought and intellectual functions, processes incoming sensory info, sends outgoing voluntary motor commands

A

cerebral cortex

54
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere receives sensory information from, and sends motor commands to, the opposite side of the body

A

hemispheric lateralization

55
Q

____ fibers are white matter connections within one hemisphere

A

Association

56
Q

shorter association fibers going from neighboring gyri

A

arcuate fibers

57
Q

longer association fibers going from one lobe to another (within same hemisphere)

A

longitudinal fasciculi

58
Q

______ fibers are white matter connections between both hemispheres

A

commissural

59
Q

primary commissural fiber

A

corpus callosum

60
Q

fibers connecting the cerebrum with lower area of the brain and brain stem

A

projection

61
Q

where our personality is established, where we decide how to behave, and plan and execute behaviors

A

prefrontal cortex

62
Q

orbitofrontal cortex is an association area for both __________ and ____________

A

smell and taste

63
Q

General Interpretive Area or ____________ area receives information from all sensory association areas and allows us to coordinate access to complex visual and auditory memories

A

Wernicke’s

64
Q

motor speech center or ________ area is where we coordinate complex vocalization functions (speech)

A

Broca’s

T4 lecture a&p (brain) (4 decks)

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