ch14pt1 Flashcards
brain contains about ___ percent of body’s neural tissue
97
regions of brain (3)
cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
(diencephalon), midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
parts of brain stem
Largest part of brain, interprets sensory info and controls higher mental functions.
cerebrum
Divides cerebrum into left and right cerebral hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
Surface layer of gray matter (on cerebrum)
neural cortex
Folded surface increases surface area,
Elevated ridges (gyri),
Shallow depressions (sulci),
Deep grooves (fissures)
Features of neural cortex (cerebral cortex)
Second largest part of brain, under cerebrum. Divided into Left and Right cerebellar hemispheres.
Cerebellum
unpaired, median portion of the cerebellum that connects the two cerebellar hemispheres
vermis
Coordination of movement, evaluating certain sensory input, time keeping
functions of cerebellum
gray matter covering cerebellum
cerebellar cortex
Relays information and basic life sustaining functions between spinal cord and cerebrum or cerebellum
brain stem
parts of brain stem (4)
(diencephalon), midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
major parts of diencephalon (2)
thalamus and hypothalamus
relay and processing centers for sensory information (brain stem)
thalamus
center for controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production (brain stem)
hypothalamus
processes visual and auditory data, generates reflexive somatic motor responses, maintenance of consciousness (brain stem)
midbrain
relays sensory info to cerebellum and thalamus, subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers (brain stem)
pons
relays sensory info to thalamus and to other portions of the brain stem, autonomic centers for regulations of visceral functions (brain stem)
medulla oblongata
delicate mass of neural tissue,
grey matter and white matter,
internal passageways and chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid
the brain
________ from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum, brain functions become ____ _____ and variable
Ascending, more complex
Basic life sustaining functions (HR, BP, Respirations, Digestion) are controlled from the _________
brainstem
Conscious thought and intelligence are produced in the neural _____ of the ______ hemispheres
cortex, cerebral
Bones of the cranium, cranial meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid are _____ _____ of the brain
physical protection
_______ isolation include the blood–brain barrier.
Biochemical
Connective tissue layers surrounding the brain. Protect the brain from cranial trauma and are continuous with spinal meninges.
cranial meninges
layers of cranial meninges (3)
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Outer fibrous meningeal layer fused to periosteum
periosteal layer of dura mater
unlike spinal cord, there is no ______ _____ above dura mater
epidural space
Inner fibrous layer, space beneath is subdural space
meningeal layer of dura mater
Space between two layers of dura mater,
Drain blood from brain
dural venous sinus
middle layer of cranial meninges, smooth membrane covering surface of the brain (does not dip into crevices)
arachnoid mater
space between arachnoid mater and pia mater
subarachnoid space
meningeal layer on brain surface, only layer entering sulci
pia mater
Folded inner layer of dura mater, extend into fissures, stabilize and support brain.
Dural folds
large dural fold between cerebral hemispheres
falx cerebri
large dural fold seperates cerebellum and cerebrum
tentorium cerebelli
large dural fold divides cerebellar hemispheres below tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
Circulates around and bathes all exposed surfaces of CNS. Interchanges with interstitial fluid of brain.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Water, wastes, ions, some WBC, glucose, little protein
composition of CSF
Cushions delicate neural structures.
Gives the brain buoyancy. Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products.
Functions of CSF
Plasma is filtered out of _______ in the brain and across the ______.
capillaries, ependyma
_______ cells adjust the composition of the fluid, secreting CSF into _________.
Ependymal, ventricles
CSF flows through ventricles and out through the _______. CSF bathes ______ surface of brain.
apertures, external
CSF is reabsorbed through _______ _______ into venous sinuses
arachnoid granulations
we produce about _____ ml of CSF per day
500
