ch14pt1.2

Question 1

Abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain. Blockage of its flow or reabsorption.

Answer 1

hydrocephalus

Question 2

CSF expands the ventricles and compresses the neural tissue causing damage. In infant, the head is enlarged because the skull bones are not yet fused.

Answer 2

hydrocephalus

Question 3

treatment for hydrocephalus

Answer 3

shunt (inserted to drain fluid)

Question 4

supplies nutrients (glucose) and oxygen to brain

Answer 4

blood

Question 5

The brain is 2% of body’s mass but consumes __% of its oxygen and glucose

Answer 5

20

Question 6

blood supply to brain is delivered by _____ ____ arteries and _____ ____

Answer 6

internal carotid, vertebral arteries

Question 7

blood is removed from dural sinuses by _____ _____ veins and _____ ______

Answer 7

internal jugular, vertebral veins

Question 8

major arteries bringing blood to brain (2)

Answer 8

internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 9

major veins removing deoxygenated blood from dural sinuses (2)

Answer 9

internal jugular and vertebral veins

Question 10

Disorders that interfere with blood circulation to brain

Answer 10

cerebrovascular disease

Question 11

common type of cerebrovascular disease. shuts of blood to a portion of brain

Answer 11

stroke or CVA (cerebrovascular accident)

Question 12

types of stroke

Answer 12

thrombolytic (clot) and hemorrhagic (break)

Question 13

Neurons in that area of the brain die. Symptoms depend on area of the brain affected. Severity depends on degree of oxygen deprivation.

Answer 13

result of stroke or CVA

Question 14

Isolates CNS neural tissue from general circulation

Answer 14

blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Question 15

BBB is formed by network of tight ______ between _______ cells of CNS capillaries

Answer 15

junctions, endothelial

Question 16

control blood–brain barrier by selecting permeability of endothelium

Answer 16

astrocytes

Question 17

Lipid-soluble compounds (O2, CO2) can _____ across endothelial cells into interstitial fluid of brain & spinal cord. Water and ions must pass through ______. Larger water soluble compounds utilize active transport.

Answer 17

diffuse, channels

Question 18

Blood- CSF barrier is formed by specialized ______ cells.

Answer 18

ependymal cells

Question 19

ependymal cells surround the capillaries of

Answer 19

choroid plexus

Question 20

limit the entry of pathogens from blood to CSF

Answer 20

tight junctions between ependymal cells

Question 21

breaks in BBB for hormonal secretion (3)

Answer 21

pineal gland, pituitary gland, parts of hypothalamus

Question 22

stabilize brain in cranial cavity

Answer 22

meninges

Question 23

Provides cushioning and buoyancy. Provides nutrients and removes wastes.

Answer 23

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

Question 24

Selectively isolate brain from chemicals in blood that might disrupt neural function

Answer 24

BBB and blood-CSF barrier