Study Guide 1 Questions

Question 1

Late 1600s:

Answer 1

LIGHT MICROSCOPE (VISUALIZATION OF CELLS)

• Van Leeuwenhoek: Visualized organisms in pond water
• Robert Hooke: viewed dead cork

Question 2

1800:

Answer 2

CELLS AND CELL THEORY

• Theordor Schwann–animal cells
• Matthias Schleiden–plant cells
• Rudolph Virchow–Cell Theory

Question 3

Early 1900’s:

Answer 3

GENETICS/BIOCHEMISTRY:

• Walter Sutton–enzymes
• Thomas Hunt Morgan–genetics
• Archibald gerrod–Genetic diseases
• Beadle and Tatum–one gene/one enzyme

Question 4

1950-1970:

Answer 4

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
Watson & Crick deduced the structure of DNA, Leading to rapid advances in molecular biology

DNA to RNA to Protein

[ELECTRON MICROSCOPY]

Question 5

~1970’s:

Answer 5

BIOTECHNOLOGY:

• Isolation of Genes
• Gene Transfer
• PCR-Polymerase reaction

Question 6

2000 and beyond:

Answer 6

Genomics
Proteomics
Imaging
High-ThroughPut

[CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY]

Question 7

1970’s:

Answer 7

Rise of recombinant DNA

• Isolating and cloning genes
• DNA sequencing

Question 8

Provide 2 Examples of technical innovations that advanced the field of Cell Biology:

Answer 8

1-Watson & Crick deducing the structure of DNA

2-

Question 9

Archibald Garrod:

Answer 9

-Associated human genetic Disease with biochemical defect

Question 10

Beadle and Tatum:

Answer 10

• Used bread mold
• Screened for mutations in metabolism
• connected genes to enzymes
• Formulated One Gene = One Enzyme

Question 11

Walter Sutton (Chromosomal theory of Inheritance):

Answer 11

Chromosomes are units of heredity

-He visualized chromosomes in dividing germ cells

Question 12

Thomas Hunt Morgan (Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance)

Answer 12

-Initiated genetic model systems

Linked sex chromosomes to inheritance of particular chromosomes.

Question 13

Prokaryotes:

Answer 13

(Eubacteria and Archea)

• Single celled organism
• No nucleus
• No membrane bound organelle
• DNA is circular and not complexed with protein.

Question 14

Eukaryote:

Answer 14

• Single and multicellular
• Plants, animals, fungi
• Contains nucleus and membrane bound organelles
• DNA in form of Chromosomes

Question 15

SIZE: Prokaryote Vs Eukaryote

Answer 15

-Eukaryotes are about 2X the size of a Prokaryote

• Eukaryotic cell (5-20 Micrometers/Microns)
• Prokaryotic cell ( 1-10 microns)

Question 16

Animal Cell differ from plant cells by:

Answer 16

• No chloroplast
• No cell wall
• No central vacuole

Question 17

Plant Cells differ from Animal cells:

Answer 17

• They HAVE chloroplasts
• HAVE a cell wall
• HAS a central Vacuole