Citirc Acid Cycle, Glycolysis, ETC, and Diagrams Flashcards
Step one
-After the enzyme removes a proton from the CH3 group on acetyle CoA, the negatively charged CH2- forms a bond to a carbonyl carbon of oxaloacetate. -The subsequent loss by hydrolysis of the coenzyme A drive the reaction strongly forward.
Step two
An isomerization reaction, in which water is first removed and then added back, moves the hydroxyl group from one carbon atom to its neighbor
Step three
In the first of four oxidation steps in the cycle, the carbon carrying the hydroxyl group is converted to a carbonyl group. The immediate product is unstable, losing CO2 while still bound to the enzyme.
Step four
-The a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex closely resembles the large enzyme complex that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. - It likewise catalyzes an oxidation that produces NADH, CO2, and a high-energy thioeter bond to coenzyme A(CoA)
Step five
-A phosphate molecule from solution displaces the CoA, forming a high-energy phosphate linkage to succinate. - This phosphate is then passed to GDP to form GTP in bacteria and ATP in plants and animals.
Step six
In the third oxidation step in the cycle, FAD accepts two hydrogen atoms from succinate.
Step seven
The addition of water to fumarate places a hydroxyl group next to a carbonyl carbon.
Step eight
In the last of four oxidation steps in the cycle, the carbon carrying the hydroxyl group is converted to a carbonyl group, regenerating the oxaloacetate needed for step one.
Where does Glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm
What Molecules are produced in glycolysis?
2 pyruvate
2 ATP
2 NADH + H+
Where does the pyruvate oxidation occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
What molecules are produced in pyruvate oxidation?
2 NADH + H+
2 CO2
2 Acetyl CoA
What link to other phases are in pyruvate oxidation?
NADH to electron transport chain, acetyl CoA to Krebs
Where does the Krebs cycle( Citric Acid Cycle) occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
What molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle?
6 NADH + H+
2 FADH
2 ATP
4 CO2
What link to other phases are in the Krebs cycle?
NADH to electron transport chain
FADH2 to Electron transport chain
Where is the electron transport chain located?
In the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
What molecules are produced in the electron transport chain?
3 ATP per NADH
2 ATP per FADH2
What link to other phases are in the electron transport chain?
NAD+ to glycolysis
linking step & Krebs
FAD to Krebs
What link to other phases are in glycolysis?
Pyruvate to linking step
NADH to electron transport chain
What molecules enter glycolysis?
Glucose
2 NAD+
2 ADP +P
What molcules enter pyruvate oxidation?
2 pyruvate
2 NAD+
What molceules enter the Krebs cycle?
2 Acetyl-CoA
6 NAD+
2 FAD
What molceules enter the electron transport chain?
NADH
FADH2
ADP + P
WHat type of bond?
tripeptide
What type of bond?
Phosphodiester Bond
What are these images of?
General Carbohydrates
What is this process of energy production?
Glycolysis
