Study for the Test

Question 1

Where should the control line be established in wildland firefighting ??

Answer 1

The control line should be established at the burning edge of the fire, next to it, or at a considerable distance away.

The objective is to establish a control line that completely encircles the fire with all the fuel inside rendered harmless.

Question 2

Describe subsurface fuels, surface fuels, and aerial fuels ??

Answer 2

Subsurface fuels - roots, peat, and other partially decomposed organic matter that lie under the surface of the ground

Surface fuels - needles, duff, twigs, grass, field crops, brush up to 6 feet in height, downed limbs, logging slash, and small trees on or immediately adjacent to the surface of the ground

Aerial fuels- suspended and upright fuels ( brush over 6 feet, leaves and needles on tree limbs, branches, hanging moss, etc) physically separated from the grounds surface ( and sometimes from each other) to the extent that air can circulate freely between them and the ground

Question 3

True or False

Fires will usually spread faster downhill than uphill, and the flatter the slope , the faster the fire will spread.

Answer 3

False

Fires will usually spread faster uphill rather than downhill, and the **steeper the slope, the faster the fire will spread. **

Question 4

Orange cables or components in hybrid vehicles mean what ??

Answer 4

Do not cut or contact, these are high-voltage systems and electrocution is possible !!

Question 5

Why do you attack a vehicle from a 45 degree angle ??

Answer 5

To remember to stay out the way of the potential travel path of the front and rear bumpers.

Many bumpers incorporate hydraulic or pneumatic struts intended to absorb the shock of minor collisions. If these struts are heated by the fire, they can explode and catapult the bumper.

Likewise, the struts used to support the engine hood and trunk lid can also be launched from the vehicle with tremendous force.

Question 6

What is a span , and how many spans should be given in an exclusion zone around a downed power line ??

Answer 6

A span is the distance between power poles

A one span distance should be established in the exclusion zone around a downed power line

Question 7

True or False

Before initiating fire suppression activities, stop the flow of electricity to the device involved.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the Master Stream ?? And why is it used indirectly ??

Answer 8

A master-stream is a large caliber water stream usually supplied by siamesing two or more hoselines into a manifold device or by fixed piping that delivers 350 gpm or more.

It should be fired at an angle on the ceiling to rain down onto the fire in small droplets, providing maxiumum extinguishing effectiveness.

Question 9

Combination Attack

Answer 9

Battling a fire by using both a direct and an indirect attack. This method combines the steam generating technique of a ceiling level attack with an attack on the burning materials near floor level.

The attack starts with short bursts, known as penciling, from a penetrating fog stream directed into the hot gas layer at the ceiling level ( gas cooling)

Then the attack witches to a straight stream, known as painting, to attack the combustibles burning near the floor level.

Question 10

Indirect Attack

Answer 10

Directing fire streams toward the ceiling of a room or building in order to generate a large amount of stream. Converting the water to steam absorbs the heat of the fire and cools the area suficiently for firefighters to safely enter and make a direct attack on the fire

*This method of attack is not ideal where building occupants may still be inside or whre the spread of fire to uninvolved areas cannot be contained. *

Question 11

Direct Attack

Answer 11

Attack method that involves the discharge of water or a foam directly onto the burning fuel

Question 12

True or False

Solid streams come from Solid bore nozzles

Straight streams come from fog nozzles.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Put these three in order of smallest to biggest : Handline stream, Master Stream, Low-volume stream

Answer 13

1. Low-Volume stream ( booster line)
2. Handline stream ( 1 and half to 3 inch )
3. Master Stream ( discharges more than 350 gpm and is fed by 2 and half or 3 inch hoselines connected to a master stream nozzle)

Question 14

The size of a fire stream refers to what , and the type of a fire stream refers to what ?

Answer 14

The size refers to the volume of water flowing per minute

The type indicates the specific pattern or shape of the water after it leaves the nozzle.

Question 15

Define Friction Loss ??

Answer 15

Friction loss can be defined as that part of total pressure that is lost while forcing water through pipes, fittings, fire hose and adapters

elevation pressure is lost and gained as well

Question 16

Water expands ______ times its original volume when converted to steam at ________

Answer 16

1,700 & 212 degrees F

Question 17

Fire Stream

Answer 17

Stream of water or other water-based extinguishing agent after it leaves the fire hose and nozzle until it reaches the desired point