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FireFighting Essentials ( OSHA) 5th Edition > Chapter 10 Ground Ladders > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Ground Ladders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Beam ?

A

Main structural member of a ladder supporting the rungs or rung blocks

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2
Q

Bed Section ( base section )

A

Lowest and widest section of an extension ladder; while the ladder is being raised or lowered, this section always maintains contact with the ground or other supporting surface

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3
Q

Butt ( heel or base )

A

Bottom end of the ladder; the end that is placed on the ground or other supporting surface when the ladder is positioned

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4
Q

Butt spurs

A

Metal plates , spikes or cleats attached to the butt end of ground ladder beams to prevent slippage

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5
Q

Dogs (pawls/ladder locks)

A

Devices attached to the inside of the beams on fly sections used to hold the fly section in place after it has been extended

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6
Q

Fly Section

A

Upper sections of extension or some sombination ladders : the section that moves

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7
Q

Foot pads

A

swivel plates attached to the butt of the ladder ; usually have rubber or neoprene bottom surfaces

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8
Q

Guides

A

Wood or metal strips, sometimes in the form of slots or channels, on an extension ladder that guide the fly section while being raised

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9
Q

Halyard

A

Rope or cable used for hoisting and lowering the fly sections of an extension ladder : also called fly rope

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10
Q

Heat-sensor label

A

Label affixed to the inside of each beam of each ladder section ; a color change indicates that the ladder has been exposed to a sufficient degree of heat that it should be tested before further use

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11
Q

Heel ( butt )

A

Bottom end of the ladder ; the end that is placed on the ground or other supporting surface when the ladder is positioned

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12
Q

Hooks

A

Curved metal devices installed near the top end of roof ladders to secure the ladder to the highest point on a peaked roof of a building

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13
Q

Locks ( pawls )

A

Devices attached to the inside of the beams on fly sections used to hold the fly section in place after it has been extended

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14
Q

Main section ( also called bed or base section)

A

Bottom section of an extension ladder

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15
Q

Pawls ( also called dogs or ladder locks )

A

Devices attached to the inside of the beams on fly sections used to hold the fly section in place after it has been extended

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16
Q

Protection Plates

A

strips of metal attached to the ladders at chafing points, such as the tip, or at areas where they come in contact with the apparatus mounting brackets

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17
Q

Pulley

A

small, grooved wheel through which the halyard is drawn on an extension ladder ( helps pull the fly up )

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18
Q

Rails

A

the two lengthwise members of a trussed ladder beam that are separated by truss or separation blocks

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19
Q

Rungs

A

Cross members that provide the foothold for climbing; the rungs extended from one beam to the other except on a pompier ladder where the rungs pierce the single beam

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20
Q

Shoes

A

swivel plates attached to the butt of the ladder ; usually have rubber or neoprene bottom surfaces

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21
Q

Stops

A

Wooden or metal pieces that prevent the fly section from being extended too far

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22
Q

Tie rods

A

Metal rods extending from one beam to another

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23
Q

Tip ( top

A

Extreme top of a ladder

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24
Q

Truss Block

A

Spacers set between the rails of a trussed ladder ; sometimes used to support rungs

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25
Q

Fire service ground ladders are ladders that are not ____1___ mounted on a piece of apparatus and are __2______ from the apparatus to the point of application by one or more firefighters. Ground ladders must then be ____3____ into position by hand.

A

(1)permanently , (2)carried, and (3) raised

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26
Q

What are two things ground ladders are most often used for in the fire service ?

A

To climb to elevated locations and providing a means for firefighters to move victims down from elevated locations. ( this includes helping the firefighter escape from life-threatening situations )

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27
Q

True or False

Fire service ladders are similar to any other ladder in shape and design ; however, they tend to be built more substantially and are capable of withstanding heavier loads than those manufactured for use by the private industry or the general public

A

True - their use under adverse conditions requires that fire service ground ladders provide a margin of safety not usually expected of other ladders . NFPA 1931, and 1932.

28
Q

What are the two main parts of a ladder ??

A

Beams and Rungs

29
Q

Stops are used on extension and pole ladders to prevent _________ ?

A

overextension of the fly sections

30
Q

True or False

Also called wall ladders or straight ladders, single ladders consist of only one section of a fixed length. They are identified by the overall length of the beams. Most commonly ranging from 12-24 feet

A

True

31
Q

What are roof ladders used for ??

Are they extension ladders or single ladders ?

A

Roof ladders are single ladders equipped with folding hooks that provide a means of anchoring the ladder over the ridge of a pitched roof or some other roof part.
The ladder generally lie flat on the roof surface so that a firefighter may stand on the ladder for roof work, helps prevent slipping and distributes a firefighters weight.

32
Q

True or False

Roof ladders can NOT be used as single wall ladders

A

False

Roof ladders are single ladders, they just have folding hooks near the tip to attach to roofs.

33
Q

What type of ladder is used for interior attic access ?

A

Folding ladders or Attic Ladders

34
Q

What is the difference between Extension Ladders and Pole Ladders(Bangor Ladder) ??

A

They both are adjustable in length, and consist of a bed section as well as one or more fly sections.
However NFPA 1931 requires all extension ladders that are 40 feet or longer to be equipped with staypoles for added leverage and stability.

35
Q

What type of ladder can be used as a self-supporting step ladder ( A-Frame ) and as a single or extension ladder ?

A

Combination Ladders , they also must be equipped with a positive locking device to hold the ladder in the open position

36
Q

Are Staypole/Pompier ladders single beamed or double beamed ??

A

Staypole/Pompier ladders are single beam ladders with rungs projecting from both sides of the beam.

37
Q

What are Staypole/Pompier ladders used for ?

A

Staypole/Pompier ladders are used to climb from floor to floor , via exterior windows

38
Q

Ground ladders are service tested __________ ?

A

Annually

39
Q

True or False

Metal ladders can suddenly fail when exposed to heat or flame and are Good conductors of heat, cold and electricity. However they are easy to repair and widest range in size.

A

True

40
Q

True or False

Wood ladders are not very durable and do not retain strength when exposed to heat or flame, they are also the lightest of the ladders

A

False

Woods ladders are very durable
They do retain strength when exposed to heat or flame
They are the most expensive and the strongest

41
Q

What are the disadvantages and Advantages of using Fiberglass ladders ??

A 
Advantages = not good at conducting electricity
Disadvantages =  suddenly crack and fail when overloaded , can burn when exposed to flame
42
Q

The only place you can paint ladders for purposes of identification or visibility are ???

A

The top and bottom 18 inches

43
Q

What is maintenance ?? What is repair ??

A

Maintenance means keeping ladders in a state of usefulness or readiness . Repair means to either restore or replace that which is damaged or worn out.

44
Q

True or False

Accumulated dirt or debris from a fire may collect and harden to the point where ladder sections cannot function as designed

A

True , therefore it is recommended that ladders be inspected regularly and cleaned after every use

45
Q

True or False

NFPA 1932 requires ladders to be inspected after each use and on a monthly basis .

A

True, they are required to be service tested annually.

46
Q

Ladders that cannot be safely repaired must be ________ or _______ for parts.

A

Destroyed or scrapped for parts

47
Q

At a minimum a pumper must contain 3 types of ladders , which are they ?

A
  1. straight ladder equipped with roof hooks
  2. extension ladder ( normally 35 foot or above)
  3. One attic ladder
48
Q

What is the proper angle for ladder placement ?

A

75 degree angle

49
Q

What is a Belay ?

A

A climbers term for safety line

50
Q

Do not raise ladders to within _____ feet of electrical wires

A

10 feet

51
Q

When working from a ladder , it is vital to secure yourself with either a _______ or _________.

A

Ladder belt or leg lock

52
Q

What is the minimum distance the firefighters should be spaced to not overload a ladder ?

A

One firefighter every 10 feet or one every section ( base , fly etc.. )

53
Q

How many rungs should the ladder be extended beyond the roof edge ? And why ??

A

3 to 5 rungs beyond the roof edge, to provide both a footing and a handhold for anyone stepping on and off the ladder.

54
Q

When do you place the tip of the ladder even with the top of the window and to the windward ( upwind) side of it ??

A

To gain access to a narrow window or for ventilation

55
Q

Place the tip of the ladder just below the windowsill when ??

A

Rescuing from a window opening is to be performed

56
Q

Is the designated reach of a ladder ( its maxiumum extended length ) the same as a ladders reach ?

A

NO, because ladders are set at angles of 75 degrees for climbing, the reach will be LESS than the designated length.

In some cases, an extension ladder may even have an additional maximum extended length 6 inches less than the designated length

57
Q

Why should you carry the forward end of the ladder slightly lowered ?

A

To provide better balance , it also allows the firefighter better visibility up ahead, and if it does strike someone , the butt spurs will make contact with the body and not the head

58
Q

In the two-firefighter low-shoulder carry which end of the ladder is advancing toward the building ?

A

The butt end will be advancing towards the building

59
Q

True or False

The roof ladder may be carried with the tip forward and hooks already opened turned outward

A

True

60
Q

Ideally, the ladder should be at ______ different points of the building

A

Two separate points

61
Q

True or False

An easy way to determine the proper distance between the heel of the ladder and the building is to divide the working length ( length actually used) of the ladder by 4.

A

True , however there are other ways as well, such as standing on the buttom rung and reaching directly for the rung at shoulder level

62
Q

In general, the fly should be inside or outside, when using modern metal or fiberglass ladders ??

A

The fly should be outside, away from the building. The only exception is Wooden Ladders

63
Q

What knot is used for tying the halyard ??

A

Clove hitch with an overhand safety knot

64
Q

True or False

Normally an officer designates the general location where the ladder is to be positioned and the task to be performed, but personnel carrying the ladder frequently decide on the exact spot where the butt is to be placed.

A

True

65
Q

Are corners a good place to put ladders ??

A

Yes they are considered strong points in building construction.

66
Q

True or False

You can place ladders in front of any door or path , i you need too.

A

False

Avoid placing ladders in front of doors or other paths of travel that firefighters or evacuees will need to use.

FireFighting Essentials ( OSHA) 5th Edition (10 decks)

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